Pythagorean Philosophy

practice of medicine is the harmonization of opposites, the unification of disparate things, and the conciliation of warring elements Music is the al-Qaeda of agreement among things in nature and of the best regime in the universe. As a rule it assumes the guise of harmony in the universe, of lawful government in a state, and of a sensible way of life in the home. It brings together and Every school student get out recognize his make water as the originator of t eyelid theorem which offers many cheerful facts about the squ atomic number 18 on the hypotenuse.Many European philosophers will c wholly him the father of philosophy. Many scientists will c any him he father of science. To practice of medicineians, nonetheless, Pythagoras is the father of medication. gibe to Johnston, it was a more told story that one day the young Pythagoras was passing a blacksmiths range and his ear was caught by the regular intervals of sounds from the anvil. When he discovered that the hammer s were of different weights, it occured to him that the intervals index be related to those weights. Pythagoras was correct. Pythagorean philosophy maintained that all things ar numbers.Based on the belief that numbers were the building blocks of everything, Pythagoras began linking numbers and symphony. Revolutionizing music, Pythagoras findings generated theorems and standards for melodious comedy subdues, kinds, instruments, and creative formation. Musical scales became defined, and taught. Instrument makers began a precision approach to construction construction. Composers developed brisk poses of composition that encompassed a foundation of numeric evaluate in addition to assembly line. All three approaches were based on Pythagorean philosophy.Thus, Pythagoras relationship amongst numbers and music had a profound baffle on future melodious teaching mode, The intrinsic discovery made by Pythagoras was the potential rder to the chaos of music. Pythagoras began su bdividing different intervals and p go bades into distinct nones. Mathematically he dissever intervals into wholes, thirds, and halves. Four distinct musical ratios were discovered the tone, its fourth, its fifth, and its octave. (Johnston, 1989). From these ratios the Pythagorean scale was introduced. This scale revolutionized music.Pythagorean relationships of ratios held true for any sign pitch. This discovery, in turn, reformed musical education. With the standardization of music, musical creativity could be recorded, taught, and reproduced. (Ro well up, 1983). Modern day palpate exercises, such as the Hanons, be neither based on melody or creativity. They are barely based on the Pythagorean scale, and are executed from various initial pitches. Creating a foundation for musical representation, whole works became recordable.From the Pythagorean scale and simple numeral calculations, different scales or modes were developed. The Dorian, Lydian, Locrian, and ecclesiastic modes were all developed from the foundation of Pythagoras. (Johnston, 1989). The basic foundations of musical education are based on the various modes of scalar relationships. (Ferrara, 1991). Pythagoras discoveries created starting point for incorporate music. From this, diverse educational schemes were created upon basic themes.Pythagoras and his mathematics created the foundation for musical education According to Rowell, Pythagoras began his experiments demonstrating the tones of campanas of different sizes. Bells of variant size produce different harmonized ratios. (Ferrara, 1991). Analyzing the different ratios, Pythagoras began defining different musical pitches based on bell diameter, and density. Based on Pythagorean harmonic relationships, and Pythagorean geometry, bell-makers began constructing bells with the principal itch prime tone, and hum tones consisting of a fourth, a fifth, and the octave. (Johnston, 1989). Ironically or coincidentally, these tones were a ll members of the Pythagorean scale.In addition, Pythagoras initiated comparable experimentation with pipes of different lengths. Through this method of study he unearthed two astonishing inferences. When pipes of different lengths were hammered, they emitted different pitches, and when line of credit was passed through these pipes respectively, alike results were attained. This sparked a revolution in the construction of honeyed percussive instruments, as well as the wind instruments. Similarly, Pythagoras studied set up of different thickness stretched over altered lengths, and found another exemplar of numeric, musical correspondence.He discovered the initial length generated the strings essential tone, while dissecting the string in half yielded an octave, thirds produced a fifth, quarters produced a fourth, and fifths produced a third. The circumstances around Pythagoras discovery in relation to strings and their resonance is staggering, and these catalyzed the production of stringed instruments. (Benade, 1976). In a way, music is lucky that Pythagoras attitude to experimentation was as it was. His insight was indeed correct, and the realms of instrumentation would never be the same again.Furthermore, many soothers adapted a mathematical model for music. According to Rowell, Schillinger, a famous composer, and musical teacher of Gershwin, suggested an array of procedures for deriving new scales, rhythms, and structures by applying various mathematical transformations and permutations. His approach was enormously popular, and widely respected. The enchant comes from a Pythagoreanism. Wherever this system has been successfully used, it has been by composers who were already well trained enough to distinguish the musical results. In 1804, Ludwig van van Beethoven began growing deaf.He had begun composing at age seven and would compose another twenty-five years after his impairment took full effect. Creating music in a state of inaudibility, Beethove n had to rely on the relationships between pitches to produce his music. Composers, such as Beethoven, could rely on the structured musical relationships that instructed their creativity. (Ferrara, 1991). Without Pythagorean musical structure, Beethoven could not hasten created many of his astounding compositions, and would have failed to establish himself as one of the two greatest musicians of all ime.Speaking of the greatest musicians of all time, perhaps another name comes to mind, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. Mozart is intelligibly the greatest musician who ever lived. (Ferrara, 1991). Mozart composed within the arena of his stimulate mind. When he spoke to musicians in his orchestra, he spoke in relationship terms of thirds, fourths and fifths, and many others. Within deep analysis of Mozarts music, musical scholars have discovered distinct similarities within his composition technique. According to Rowell, initially within a Mozart composition, Mozart introduces a primary m elodic theme.He then reproduces hat melody in a different pitch using mathematical transposition. After this, a second melodic theme is created. Returning to the initial theme, Mozart spirals the melody through a number of pitch changes, and returns the listener to the overlord pitch that began their journey. Mozarts comprehension of mathematics and melody is inequitable to other composers. This is clearly evident in one of his most famous works, his symphony number forty in G-minor (Ferrara, 1991). Without the structure of musical relationship these aforementioned musicians could not have achieved their musical aspirations.Pythagorean theories created the basis for their musical endeavours. Mathematical music would not have been produced without these theories. Without audibility, consequently, music has no value, unless the relationship between write and performed music is so clearly defined, that it achieves a new sense of kind audibility to the Pythagorean skilled listener.. As clearly stated above, Pythagoras correlativity between music and numbers influenced musical members in every purview of musical creation. His conceptualization and experimentation molded modern musical practices, instruments, and music itself nto what it is today.What Pathagoras found so wonderful was that his elegant, abstract train of thought produced something that heap everywhere already knew to be aesthetically pleasing. Ultimately music is how our brains intrepret the arithmetic, or the sounds, or the nerve impulses and how our interpretation matches what the performers, instrument makers, and composers thought they were doing during their respective creation. Pythagoras simply mathematized a foundation for these occurances. He had discovered a connection between arithmetic and aesthetics, between the natural world and the human soul.

Esterification

To tax deduction ecstatic exclusivelyy acrid by social stratification. existence A pleasant, often fruity, odor is characteristic of some of the simpler esters. Ethyl butyrate smells analogous to pineapples, the odor of n-propel acetate is reminiscent of pears and isopleths acetate has a strong banana fragrance. Esters are derivatives of the carboxylic bliste reverberances and contain the fol humbleing functional free radical The synthesis of an ester butt be accomplished in one of several ways. An stratification totals when an alcohol and a carboxylic acerbic are reacted in the moderate of a mineral stinging particle accelerator, such as sulfuric virulentulous.Because these chemical reactions give in an equilibrium variety show of both harvest-homes and reactants, the reaction conditions must be manipulated in order to produce a reasonable yield. A broad scanty of one of the reactants grass be used in the scratch mixture or alternatively, one of the product s can be removed as the reaction proceeds (as by a di tranquilation), to shift the equilibrium to the right. otherwise synthetic pathways to esters also exist. Acid chlorides react with alcohols to yield an ester and hydrochloric vinegarish.A small meat of pyridine is usually deed to the reaction mixture to neutralize the resulting venereal infection. Acid anhydride can also react with alcohols to produce esters. Unlike the reactions amid carboxylic acids and alcohols, uncomplete of these two methods for prepa frame esters results in an equilibrium mixture. Ecstatically acid, or aspirin, is one of the more or less widely used and versatile drugs kno(prenominal)n today. It was first synthesized by Charles von Gerhardt in 1 853 and was later patented by a German discolour chemist named Frederica Brayer in 1893 who recognized its potential as an analgesic ( fuss reliever).Salicylic acid, a impotent of departow and poplar bark, had been used as a pain killer for centuries, but its highly acidic property caused irritation of the mucous membranes of the mouth and throat and also resulted in uncomfortable gastric pain. By transforming the acidic phenol functionality into an ester company, the compound retained its analgesic properties but muzzy some of its irritating side- effects. In addition to relieving pain, aspirin is also an averse(p) (fever reducer) and an anti-inflammatory agent (used for arthritis). Like all drugs, aspirin also has some undesirable side effects which should be tote.When taken in spacious quantities (several grams per day), gastric problems can result. Its use has been implicated in Rexes syndrome, a mind disorder that can affect people under the age of 18. virtually people are highly allergic to aspirin. Finally, aspirin interferes with ordered serieslets and affects normal fall clotting which can lead to hemorrhaging in extreme cases. However, its anticoagulant properties can also be used to advantage in preventing blood c lots from forming in the arteries. Recent studies have shown that the consumption of one half of an aspirin tabloid per day can help to prevent heart attacks and strokes.Aspirin can be synthesized by the stratification of salicylic acid via reaction with acetic anhydride. A a couple of(prenominal) drops of phosphorous acid are added to serve as a catalyst for the reaction. The use of acetic anhydride as a reactant, instead of acetic acid, results in a rapid and irreversible conversion of salicylic acid to rapturously acid. experimental Procedure Synthesis of ecstatically acid 1 . A cd ml beaker containing about 150 ml of body of piss was heated to the turn point on a vehement plate. 2. 2 g of salicylic acid was weighed out and it was placed in a 100 ml conical flask. . 5 ml of acetic anhydride was added into the conical flask. . 5 drops of 85% phosphoric acid, HAPPY was added. The flask was swirled to mix the reactants and thus it was clamped in the boiling pee clean. It was heated for about 8 transactions. 5. The flask was removed carefully from the hot water bath and the hot plate was turned off. 2 ml of distilled water was added cautiously to the flask. The water will react with any uncorrelated acetic anhydride which remains. 6. Once the reaction between acetic anhydride and water had subsided, 40 ml Of water Was added to the flask. 7. The contents was allowed to cool at room temperature for minutes then the flask was placed in ice. . The contents was stirred with a meth rod flow rateically during this cooling period. The solid product was collect by vacuum filtration and it was process with cooled water. 9. A small portion (spatula-tip full, 20-30 MGM) of this uncivil ecstatically acid was set aside. 10. To recitalist the ecstatically acid, it was transferred to a 100 ml conical flask and 10 ml of 95% ethanol was added. 1 1. The flask was heated slowly on a hot plate just until the aspirin completely fade away. As soon as all of the solid has dissolved, the flask was removed from the hot plate. 12.Water was added to the solution in 5 ml portions, it was swirled afterwards each addition, until a total of 40 ml of water has been added. 13. The flask was placed in an ice bath for 10 minutes to complete the quartz glass. 14. The purified aspirin was undisturbed by vacuum filtration. The crystals was washed in the funnel with ice-cold water. The vacuum was left on for a few minutes to air dry the purified aspirin, the crystals was then pressed between two pieces of filter paper to thoroughly dry them. 5. The mass, yield and thawing point of dried aspirin were obtained. Results Weight of salicylic acid used 2. 0021 g Weight of watch glass 20. 536 g Weight of watch glass t product 21. 6651 g Weight of product 1. 3115 g no. Of gram moleculee of salicylic acid = 0. 01450 mol Volume Of acetic anhydride used 5 ml Density of acetic anhydride = 1. 082 g/ml Mass of acetic anhydride used = 1. 082 g/ml x 5 ml = 5. 41 g no. Of mole of acetic anhydride 0. 0530 mol = 3. 661 Since the mol of salicylic acid is smaller than the mol of acetic anhydride, salicylic acid is a limiting agent. groin of salicylic acid produced 1 mol of ecstatically acid. 0. 01450 mol of salicylic acid produced 0. 01450 mol of ecstatically acid. Theoretical weight of ecstatically acid 0. 1450 mol x 180. 16 gnu-mol = 2. 6123 g Percentage yield x 100% = 50. 20 % 50 % Melting point of aspirin 138 140 co sermon Aspirin is an effective analgesic (pain reliever), antipathetic (fever reducer) and anti-inflammatory agent and is one of the most widely used non-prescription drugs. The active ingredient in aspirin was be to be salicylic acid. The structure of salicylic acid is shown below. In this experiment, aspirin is organize from the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride through stratification. Aspirin can be made by reacting salicylic acid with acetic acid in the armorial bearing of an acid catalyst.The phenol group on the salicylic acid forms an ester with the carboxylic group on the acetic acid. However, this reaction is slow and has a relatively low yield. If acetic anhydride was used instead of acetic acid, the reaction will be a good deal faster and has a higher yield (since acetic anhydride is much more reactive than acetic acid). Therefore, we used acetic anhydride for shorten the period f stratification. In order for reaction to occur faster, phosphoric acid was added as a catalyst. Then the solution was being placed in the hot water bath to heat up and thus triggering the reaction between salicylic acid and acetic anhydride.The reaction was shown as below In this experiment, the salicylic acid is the limiting reactant and the acetic anhydride is in excess. The addition of distilled water into the mixture after it is being removed from the water bath is to let the water react with the remaining acetic anhydride in the mixture which are still non being reacted. A vigorous reaction wil l occur as the decomposition of the excess acetic anhydride is exothermic. Once the decomposition of the excess acetic anhydride has completed, more water was added, forming completing the reaction.Now the solution contains two kinds of products, which are ecstatically acid and acetic acid, according to the reaction shown below. The reason wherefore acetic acid is dissolved in this process but not ecstatically acid was collectible to the hydrogen bonding of acetic acid can form with water spot ecstatically acid cannot. This is due to the large carbon group maintained by ecstatically acid which caused it to have difficulties from forming hydrogen bond with water. The aspirin collected will then be purified by rationalizations. In this purification method, the crude aspirin will be dissolved in a small amount of fond ethanol.Water was then be added and the solution was cooled slowly in the ice bath and then chilled. The ecstatically acid will recitalist, and the solid impurities ( unrelated salicylic acid) should remain dissolved in the solution. The solid aspirin will again be collected using vacuum filtration. Rationalizations was needed to obtain a pure product from the crude product. Therefore, this aspirin should be more pure than the original aspirin. The final examination product was left in air dry and weighed. The theoretical and section yield was calculated. The weight of ecstatically acid obtained was 1. 115 g while the percentage yield of product was 50%. Besides, the melting point of ecstatically acid we obtained was in the range of 1 38 140 By comparing these observed melting points with the literature value of 138 CHIC for ecstatically acid, it was found that the values were exactly the same, indicating that both rodents were ecstatically acid( previously give tongue to as ecstatically acid and acetic acid). The above reaction was an showcase of an organic synthesis called stratification. Stratification is the acid catcalled reaction of a carboxylic (-COHO) group and an -OH group of an alcohol or phenol to form a carboxylic ester.In the synthesis of aspirin, the -OH group is the phenol OH group attached to ring of the salicylic acid. The acetic group, COACH comes from acetic anhydride, and the reaction is catcalled by phosphoric acid, HAPPY. Salicylic acid has a higher priority as it has a benzene ring which s more stable than the open chain of acetic anhydride because it has more resonance. Salicylic acid reacts better with acetic anhydride than acetic acid, so acetic acid will provide the acetic group which will react with the spirituous OH group on the salicylic acid.The hydrogen ion from the hydroxyl group in the salicylic acid breaks away first, then combines with the type O which has a negative charge after acetic anhydride is broken into two parts, which are an alkyl carbonyl group and -?CHOC- group. This is how acetic acid is formed. Later on, the alkyl carbonyl group of acetic anhydride which now has posi tive charge due to the lack Of oxygen atom, connects to the oxygen atom which has a negative charge, lastly produced ecstatically acid as a neutral compound product.The mechanism of how an ecstatically acid formed from stratification reaction will be shown Precaution steps 1 . When handling phosphoric acid, students should be aware of spill it out because it is corrosive. 2. When adding water to the heated solution, students should be careful and added in small amount of water because it may splatter to the surroundings due to the vigorous reaction. 3. The elution was allowed to cool at room temperature before putting it into the ice bath for the process of crystallization in order to get crystals in a nicer form and in correct manner.

The Challenge of Starting Up A New Internet Venture

Lui and Wong had made a good choice in choosing medicinal drug as there online start up business, beca handling of the nature of music itself is information rich, easygoing to distri stille, consumption experience are in various between digital or physical product, also, without the space limitation of a physical store, MusicJuice. net lavatory provide a large amount of selection for user to choose. In addition, internet landscape em positions the business model of Crowd-Sourcing, where millions of vertical interest base can form their own communities, share and support each other(a) on the internet.And such business model has proven to be rattling flourishing in Europe, theoretically, MusicJuice. net should also be successful in North America where the potential market size was approximately 240,000 musicians. However, the connection has been losing money month after month since launched in April 2008, plainly 70 artistes has signed up in July 2008 and none of them had rea ched the fundraising goal, and of course, no premium members at all. The two co-founders have to decide what could be done to save MusicJuice. et or whether they should close the business for good. Before jumping into conclusion, lets meet the situation with the 5 Forces analysis. First of all, the threats of new entrants are too racy, unless like their competitor Slicethepie. com was launched one month after MusicJuice. net began its development. Forming such music portal requires relatively low capital dedicatement, and there is no customer or brand loyalty at all, because the users will only loyalty to the musicians. The threats of substitute products for MusicJuice. et is also very high, as people will enjoy and obtain the music they like in many different sources, CD Store, radio, youtube, iTunes, sharing between friends, or even download from plagiarism websites Not only facing the threats of new entrants and substitute, what really bothers MusicJuice. net is the high bar gaining power of supplier, i. e. the musicians. The business of MusicJuice. net is bet on the fibre of their signed musicians, but what musicians really cares is to expand their fans network, but not to make up any relationship with a particular platform.Even though the bargaining power of customers is comparatively low when the user addicted into any single musician, but such advantage is not sustainable once the musician replacing to other platform. And the biggest force affecting MusicJuice. net is the high intensity of warlike rivalry, many companies including those major music labels and big IT corporations e. g. Microsoft also attempted to use MySpace to slice the pie of the profitable music industry, not to mention those giants like iTunes and Amazon.Even sight in such unfavorable situation, MusicJuice. net can still do something to rescue their business, not just working on marketing advertize or functional enhancement, but to focus on building the light music communi ty by forming strategic partners with indie band and main(a) music labels, line up with quality musicians to build few showcases of successful stories, aforementioned, their business is bet on the quality of their suppliers, they should provide a resolve for the musicians to sign up on their platform.After all, people are looking for music as an enjoyment, not an investment, MusicJuice. net should provide more interesting exculpate content for the user to enjoy music, but not just invest on music. (end)

Responsibility of Ethics Essay

Ethical standing among community members and business persons is held in blue regard. The matter of trust needs to be had at all times so that people know that their information is safe. When ethical exposes arise, somewhere, somehow in that location has to be someone who is able and willing to stand up and calculate the unethical issue. All professionals are encumber by ethics and the tariff to report wrong doing.In this case, the leave behinds lawyer is charging the widow 12-14% more than his average percentage with respects to his other clients. Normal terrene ethics suggest that non only is he acting in bad ethics but obviously is taking advantage of this widow. Charlie, regular if not mandated by law or administrative rule, should inform the widow. This would be the right and respectful thing to do but is Charlie mandated by whatsoever code of ethics to act on this information and inform her is the real question.Charlie, even though he is not the person creating the ethical situation, is bound by ethical codes to inform this widow at the very least but more appropriately the governing agency, of the actions of her attorney. As stated in the AICPA enactment of Professional Conduct for CPAs members should act with integrity, maneuver by the precept that when members fulfill their responsibility to the public, clients and employers interests are best served. (ET role 53 bind IIThe Public Interest, ET arm 52 Article IResponsibilities, ET Section 54 Article IIIIntegrity & ET Section 56 Article VDue Care of the AICPA).The biggest ethical issue is honesty, integrity and the personal gain issues. The attorney stands to gain a substantive amount of money, well more than what he should for his services. The code of ethics for attorneys alone is violated is drastic ways. Some states have statutes on how an attorney trusts their client and some rely of good ethical style but this aside, attorneys are to charge only what is fair and consistent with how they charge everyone else.This attorney is violating a huge public interest and the widow nooky file a complaint and the attorney stands to lose his liscense to practice law. Charlie stick out also intervene and simply make a phone clapperclaw to the governing agency as this particular information that he knows, is not bound by the confidentiality laws as this information was derived not by the widows linguistic communication but by the admittance of the attorney in which there is no confidentiality as there is no client issue due to the point that Charlie is not asking for advice and the lawyer is not giving it.Works CitedAICPA Code of Professional Conduct. 2006-2008. http//www.aicpa.org/About/code/sec50.htmNew Jersey Judiciary. Office of attorney Ethics. 2001 http//www.judiciary.state.nj.us/oae/OAEEthicsPamphlet.pdf

Computer Technician Essay

MemoryYour memory board does not store everything forever. The electronic data processor memory refers to reckoner comp angiotensin-converting enzyments, devices and recording media that confine digital information. The computer data storage provides one of the core functions of a computer that of information retention.How a Computer RemembersA computer has two memories, called RAM and ROM. ROM stands for require Only Memory. It carries the information. The computer needs to carry aside, its assess, and it cannot be altered. It stay in that respect change surface when the computer switch off.RAM stands for Random Access Memory or Read and Write Memory. This contains the information the computer needs to carry pop the particular task you want. When you switch off the computer, RAM empties itself. You can hold open your work on CD-ROM, DVD ROM Disk, Floppy Disk, Flash Drives, and so forthStoring InformationEach memory cells stores binary digits. It is easy to see that the size of it of computers RAM is important because the computer can only do the get of work that it has room for.Computer MemoryMemoryImagine that you atomic number 18 going to the park to play with your friends. You know the way because you have been there before. The route is stored in your memory. On the way, you meet several(prenominal)one and stop for a chat. If its not about anything important, you will probably soon forget. Your memory does not store everything forever.The computer memory refers to computer components, devices and recording media that retain digital information used for computing for some interval of time. The computer data storage provides one of the core functions of a computer, that of information retention.How a Computer Remembers A computers memory works in similar way. There are some pieces of information that need to be stored away. Others can be forgotten once the computer has worked on them. To discipline the two types of information, a computer has two memories called ROM and RAM.ROM stands for Read Only Memory. ROM carries the information the computer needs to carry out its task. This information is built into the computer and cannot be altered. It stays there so far when the computer is switched off, just as your memory of how to get to the park stays with you until you need it again.RAM stands for Random Access Memory, or read and drop a line memory. This contains the information the computer needs to carry out the particular task you want it to do now. When you switch off the computer, RAM empties itself. You can merely your work on CD-ROM. DVD ROM disks, floppy disks, flash drives, etc.Storing Information ROM and RAM are both made up of memory cells, Each memory cell stores binary digits. A verification may be able to store millions of bits. It is easy to see that the size of the computers RAM is important because RAM has room for it. With some computers, it is possible to add extra memory chips to increase the R AM.

The Impact of Work-Based on our Identity

In all modern societies, snuff it fills a basic and central role in human life. The centrality of range is demonstrated by the personal responsibility individuals assume for their work, the amount of snip they devote to it, and the signifi croupce it has within the prevalent context of their lives. Work has heavy mixer and scotch implications as well, on both an organizational and general social level. Identities within society down been determined cock-a-hooply by the work that people do.It has a major part to play in shaping our sense of self and affects how we see ourselves and how others see us. Its formatted by large number of influencing chemical elements, like which ar interpellated and which we make a conscious conclusion to choose or exclude. We all go to sleep the first question asked in many situations of primary social encounter What do you do? by which we really mean What is your job?. we do non answer with our hobby, or with our religious identity, but w ith all the certainty in the world with our air skilled worker for .If we know our interlocutors occupation then we think we know him or her. The occupation serves a mutual identification pattern, with the help of which we can assess personal needs and abilities as well as economic and social position. I bequeath discus the story which written by john greaves, the coal miner and his identitys change during the time, after that I will discus the employers of developing industrial rustic and how they work now, then I will compargon between this two employer, and I will explain how work influences and shape people identity .Firstly, the coal miner, who spend some of his life and time working more that twenty years in this field, he was working and get up early every day, actively, comfortable and without any fear. His identity was as a coal miner as an individual and as well as a member of a community with a shared incorporated identity. His village, Goldthorpe, in South Yorks hire, revolved both economically andsocially around the pits. He did not think that he will be unemployed on day and he will drowse off it.And now, after all this years and after closing the mine, he talk most his feeling of uncertainty or the future, and he feel sad approximately losing his job, identity and the symbol that relate to his job. He say that he lose his powerful identity, he mean collective identity which can be found among workers whose lives are closely bound up with their involved in coal mining. this changes in the economy lead to considerable anxiety among light working air division men. In other hand, developing industrial country is a major reason for increasing levels and number of service and employers that is largely part-time , such as call focalize , Which connects large estimator and telephones together.We can find more that hundred of employers work there with divergent job titles and careers , like direct seller, customer services, managers and others. Its described as pureness collar factories as the workload is constantly monitored and performance related afford is often used as an incentive. Now, if we compare between the coal miner that lost his work and his correlative identity and one of call center stuff, it would be free to identify how work influences and shape our identity. There is itty-bitty sense of community or collective identity.John Greaves was all the way interpellated into his role as a coal miner and his identity agree with his community, whereas call center staff work for instrumental purposes, define himself by what he barter for and his spending power. We are now more belike to identify ourselves through our income and spending power rather than job title. This is plump for up through recently research that tell us we have leave our collective and occupational identities to more individual custom found ones. Also our identities are shaped by our income.Income allows us to consume and depen ding on the amount of income we generate this results in what we consume and our ability to selectively purchase goods. Bourdieu (1977 pg 107/8) argued that people are able to express their identities through consumption and also that as taste differs between social class then consumption will also differ. People in different social classes are unlikely to have the same consumption patterns, which leads to a difference in the ability to portray identity.For example, the ability to purchase expensive ca and solid goods such as cars from being in a well give job will create an identity of a middle class citizen compared to coal miner wage on which limited items can be purchased. Consumption preferences and abilities are highly symbolic markers of status and dividers in social class. Some sociologists have argued that consumption has replaced class and that this now is the key factor in the structure of social division and identity. We can conclude that income, socialising in the wo rkplace, unemployment and social class.It is evident that work is a contributory pulverisation in influencing and creating identities. Also identities which are created by work are not unfixed, it can change by economic changes. Change of work from collective community base to individual to and material one would be clear today . Like what call centers employers do, they dont identify with their work, they define themselves by what they are spending and what they have. There is also an evident link between income and person, peoples behaviors in the way which identity is created.

The Failure of New York State Bill AO 3001

The current impudently York give in administration has proposed a bill, AO 3001, that would give the regulator control over scholarships to breast feeding schools. On its take care, this idea seems to set about whatever merit. The state faces an overwhelming nursing shortage. By the year 2010, New York State testament have 20% fewer nurses than demanded by the capacity of its health share facilities.This shortage places everyone connected with these facilities at risk, not only patients and their families, only if the health electric charge staff as tumesce. With insufficient nurses available to do and to provide adequate care, nurses are forced to work longer shifts or extra shifts during the course of each pay period. In addition, some care facilities find themselves replacing full-time nursing staff with either temporary or temporary nursing staff, or supplementing the available nursing care provided with nurses aides adroit to take on lower level nursing tasks.In ad dition to the lack of available nursing staff, many of those nurses already employed by New York State are nearing retirement age. With so many of the currently employed nurses and nurse educators nearing the ends of their careers, it is becoming even much imperative to get under ones skin new nurses into the system before these men and women abandon it. However, New York State Bill AO 3001 is not the manner in which to bring new nurses into the nursing field.According to its summary, the purpose AO 3001 is to provide scholarship and profess funding to individuals who study to enter the nursing profession. These funds would be provided found on certain criteria and taste perceptions specified in the bill. Two of these items are standardized to that of other awards, in that they call(a) for manifest of academic merit and for evidence of financial need. However, among other things, preference is given to individuals who have already obtained go out working in a healthcare setti ng and the highest degree of preference will be given to recipients applying for second or subsequent long time of funding (Title VI, Section 2, section 4-6).While some degree of selectivity must be given when allotting scholarships and grants to students, it is the provision that the Commissioner of Education will select amid candidates should the number of candidates exceed the number of awards that causes some concern. How will these awards be do and to what criteria? Can we be certain that the criteria being used will be to the best interest of the nursing profession?In addition, the Commissioner can besides check where to assign the nurses who accept this funding. According to Title VI, Section 2, subdivision 7, these nurses must work in a nursing capacity for 18 months or as nurse educators for three semesters at a lower bushel if they receive these funds, which is a reasonable requirement however, the nurses must also accommodate to work in a facility that serves Medic aid beneficiaries or social serve client, as well. It is reasonable to expect nurses, or any scholarship recipient, to transact certain reasonable tasks to fulfill the requirements of a scholarship or grant. around teachers, for example, are forgiven their educational debts if they work in certain areas of the sphere.However, these teachers choose what areas of the country in which they will teach and with which population of students that they will fulfill the requirements of the agreement. To limit new nurses to working for facilities in which they may not have introduction to the equipment and to the funds that will enable them to best use and improve upon the skills that they have attained in their education, particularly when this knowledge is fresh in their minds, will simply hurt their futures in the profession.Bringing new nurses into the profession is and then a major problem facing New York State, as well as other areas of the country. The true difficulty, however, l ies with retention once these students have graduated. Nurses face schedules that leave them sleep deprived and at risk for injuries. Nurses are much asked to perform their jobs with substandard equipment or with insufficient funding.In many facilities, nurses until now do not receive the respect that their positions as highly trained and educated members of the health care profession demand. In addition to all of these things, nurses typically receive inadequate pay for the work that they do, even as they attempt to pay back expensive educational loans. A farthest better final result to the nursing shortage would seem to be a two-pronged attack. First, nurses should be compensable at the value of their work to ensure that nurses do not leave the field in search of higher paid work. Second, instead of restrictive scholarships and grants that send nurses to locations decided upon by the Commissioner, a solution similar to that provided for teachers should be offered. Both soluti ons would leave the decision of who should be a nurse and where these nurses should practice in the hands of those best qualified to decide nurses and other members of the health care profession.ReferenceNew York State Assembly. (2007). New York State Bill AO 3001. Retrieved 12 August 2007 from http//assembly.state.ny.us/leg/?bn=A03001

Rain of gold Essay

In Rain of Gold is a critical history of three generations of twain families that have adventures and struggles overcoming many obstacles such as poverty, violence and discrimination. Initially caught up in the Mexican revolution of 1910. analyze their migration to the United States and the difficulties they faced, it portrays an accurate picture of life in Mexico in the earlyish 1900s and in the coastal area of California during the time of prohibition through and through the 1930s. .Socially Espirito lived in poverty that he needed roughly m iodiny for his people he had near sweet water that he had gotten from the Rio Urique River to go and sell it to Don Carlos store because they were poor and wanted some m unityy for their people.So then he gave Don Carlos some favor competent nuggets that were worth a lot of money so he started barter the stones for food and clothing afterwards tire give away Carlos saw how much he was making then later, he made an offer to espirito to sell him the embark on of the spring but the spring was from the people who use it. Politically don Carlos sold the river because he could not get more funds because he and espirito they made an agreement saying that don Carlos will be able to only get the gold from the top part of the canyon slack and not to dig any part around the river.So after a couple of years he knew that the best thing to do was to sell the canyon cliff to someone else. Don Carlos sold the canyon cliff to Bernardo Garcia he was a rancher that had no fear to no one or anything, he decided to dig into the river to get more gold out of it, went he knew that he wasnt getting gold any longer he sold the canyon cliff to an American miners company.Everything around canyon cliff started to disappear by constructing large buildings, roads after the company prospered in 1910. economically espirito peoples was really affected when they got kicked out of the canyon cliff because the money they were making it was f or the American mining.Socially Lupe Gomez had to take a leak at a young age and she also would help her receive with the mineros to make the food, but one sidereal day moved with her family to the U.S. in 1923 to consort in the cotton and fruit fields of Arizona and California and conjoin Juan Salvador Villasenor, who had taken a similar route, in 1929.Socially Juan was in so much in discrimination when he left Mexico to go to Los Angeles with his family.one day Juan went to a caf to eat breakfast and he asked for ham and eggs and coffee berry when the man saw him he told Juan but you see, my waitress, shes new and so she didnt know we cant serve the Mexicans.(Villasenor pg.232).Like on where I saw on a video that there was this soldier that was working for 38 months in the u.s.a he went to this restaurant and on exterior the restaurant he saw a sign that said no Mexicans allowed.(Los Mineros). The Mexicans were discriminated just because they were Mexicans or also because o f their skin color. Politically, the laws in the United States in the 1900s was the Mexicans were not allowed in restaurants, schools, stores, and other places just because of their skin color and because they were Mexicans. EconomicallyIn conclusion, this story is based on how this families have differences between the two families difficult journeys of survival yet, portrays their similarities and how their journeys culminate in the joining of the two families through the marriage of the youngest son of the Villasenor family and the youngest daughter of the Gomez family.The two families experience contrasting journeys as Juans family was poor in Mexico after once being rich, however, in the United States, his family becomes better off due to Juans entrepreneurial activities. Meanwhile, Lupes family does not experience the same fortune as they leave Mexico as a lower-middle class family that supported itself through its serving food to miners and fooling finding of gold, and they are not able to obtain economic successfulness when crossing into the United States and struggle to settle down and are ceaselessly moving as they work in the fields picking crops from one place to another following the harvest.Despite the difficulties that these two Mexican families abide in their attempt to escape the Revolution and in their hope of a better life in the United States, Rain of Gold depicts the cordial and economic struggles of Mexican families and the prejudice they experience in the United States and how Mexican immigration is similar to African immigration as well as Chinese and Japanese immigration into the United States. Prior to both families immigration to the United States, Juan and Lupes families are centered around their mothers.BibliographyAll the sources I used1. Victor Villasenor2. Acuna3. Los Mineros PBS.1992.

Ethical Perspective on Assisted Suicide Essay

Moral and honourable grapples seek to resolves polemic issues but neer seem to end with e precise unriv eithered agreeing. Often these good and chaste debates are complex and involve opinions persuaded by religion or customs and have heavy implications to con expressionr. atomic number 101 aid close is nonpareil of these very complex and controversial issues that all(a) stack allow for neer agree on. M whatever questions arise in the debate of mendelevium tradeed decease such as affected roles make ups, docs controlling the serious if nearone lives or dies, a patiences mental secernate, a family members even offs, religious beliefs of the parties involved and the lawfulness.Philosophers attempt to explain the different theories that tidy sum go forth use to represent their belief systems in frontiers of logic and reasoning. For example, just about people may presume the position of a deontologist who would ask that it is our lesson craft to oblig e and sustain intent therefrom take to heart self-annihilation should not be allowed. Unfortunately, this very emotional thought provoking debate is not a black and white issue, as most ethical arguments are not. In the state of affairs of physician help death I disagree with the deontologist identify of bunsdidate that it is im honorable for a physician to assist a tolerant in suicide.I reckon as some relativist due, that as long as the patient is fully capable of fashioning this decision and the patient is in a constant state of agony, thusly the patient has the right hand to make the choice to live or die. A relativist believes that goods are tho relative to that particular nightclub and if physician help death was considered good in that group because it would be considered a moral act. Neither theory is without flaws as some deontologist pull d experience share my point of view and some relativist idler be very extreme in what they feel is relative to b eingness morally right or wrong.The bottom line is that people w bedrid probably never completely agree on this subject. estimable spot on physician aid Death medical student assisted death is also referred to as PAD. Physician assisted death is the more politically and ethical term versus physician assisted suicide. There is also a difference that should be do known between euthanasia and PAD. In a situation of euthanasia the physician administers the lethal does by injection to the patient stop the patients life. In physician assisted death the reestablish write a prescription for a pill that the patient oluntarily administers themselves that pass on end their own life. Physician assisted death is now legal in two states, where Organ passed the law in 1994 and Washington state passed the law in 2008. That means in forty eight states it is against the law to assist the patient either directly or indirectly in ending the patients life. If a physician even plys knowledge t o the patient that would facilitate their death the doctor can face brutal charges and lose their medical examination license. umteen people are familiar with the extreme doctor Dr. Jack Kevorkian who used the method of euthanasia. Dr. Kevorkian is responsible for euthanatizing over cxxx people some of which were either clinically depressed or terminally ill. Dr. Kevorkian created a huge debate across the United States that gave rise to legion(predicate) questions such as to the legality of the constitutional laws and ethical perspectives. Laws that are passed acquiret not al tracks represent a societies ethical views and depravity versus a, some ethical standards are against the law.If everyone had the perspective of relativists, then the laws would vary from metropolis to urban center. For example, every other city could be for physician assisted death or against it creating a checkered board effect of laws that very from city to city. This because the relativist believes t hat morals are only relative to what the caller believes. Dr. Kevorkian was tried in a Michigan court on four of assisting suicide and was convicted of one count which has videotaped and released to the popular television show 60 Ethical location on Physician Assisted DeathMinutes. Another doctor by the name of Derek Humphrys whose wife died a slow agonizing death by cancer started a foundation in his wifes memory, called the Hemlock Society to provide information to dying patients on how to suck in the final exit. (Howard Ball 2012) Medical applied science has bring ind over the geezerhood and has allowed us to live healthier and more active life styles. However, with medical advancement came the ability to prolong life and at measure tutelage patients springy beyond what I feel God has called them to live.At the point in life when a person is being kept alive by a machine breathing for them and intravenous nutrition being given, one has to ask themselves is this has me dical treatment gone similarly further by interfering with a natural part of dying. It seems medical technology has crossed the line at times because it is no longer a matter of improving the prime(a) of life but prolong a natural death. There is a moral dilemma that is taken localize where doctors are making billions of dollars by providing long term health care to patients beyond what nature has called for.During the twenty century medical technology advance to point of creating an epidemic where people could live longer lives but it didnt always guarantee a quality life. Without being able to take care of oneself or enjoy the life they worked hard to create umpteen people feel they weart want to live a life of suffering. umpteen an(prenominal) people feel they have lost their haughtiness and dont want their friends and family to remember them in a derelict state of being. This brings up the question of what is happiness and considered quality of life.I believe the de ontologist perspective takes away a human beings right to choose how a person wants to live. A deontologist pass on get by that life must be sustained because it is our moral duty but isnt it our moral duty to end a human beings suffering or to let people die a natural Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death death? In fact some deontologists do believe that morals are obligations found on religious beliefs and they dont support sustaining life in every situation.For example, if a char was pregnant and the baby was going to cause the death of the mother then they may believe it is acceptable to terminate the pregnancy to sustain the life of the mother. Yet others could argue who is to say what is natural, and when person should die. Many people who support legalizing patient assisted suicide believe it is the patients right to die with dignity but other would insist that society has a moral obligation to make unnecessary life.The relativist would state if the society be lieves it is moral to rationalise patient assisted suicide then for the society it is morally correct. The view of ethical relativism regards values as determined by ones own ethical standards, often those provided by ones own culture and background. Rather than insisting that there are moral absolutes, moral claims must be interpreted in terms of how they reflect a persons viewpoint moral claims are then verbalise to be right in a given culture or wrong for a given society. (Mosser, K 2010) Those that argue against physician assisted death go forth argue it is our duty to protect and preserve all life. People will argue their points of views using logic, reasoning and provide back up evidence. However, in the case of ethical debates there often is not any evidence to support a claim on either side of the issue. Consequently, as much as people will try to argue their point of view with reasoning and logic their emotions can get in the way and make it difficult to persuade the ot her person.Many times the family is involved in the case of physician assisted death and all(prenominal) family member may have different ethical beliefs then the patient. This can make the decision even more painful as we taken into reflection the effects our decisions Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death have on other people. Philosophers attempt to explain how people will argue their point of view by providing different ethical theories as with relativism and deontology. The deontologist believes that it is our moral duty to protect and preserve life and that physician assisted suicide is an unchaste act. Rather than looking at the consequences of an act, deontology looks at the reason for which an act is done, and the rule according to which one choose to act. Deontology doesnt deny that acts have consequences rather, insists that those consequences should not play a role in our moral evaluation of such acts. (Mosser K 2010) under(a) the deontology theory a person would claim that it is wrong for a physician to assist a patient in shipting suicide because the result is death and we are to preserve life not assisting in taking their life. Deontology and Ethics 2013) This theory would provide that there is no reason good enough to go against ones moral and civic duty even if it means allowing someone to suffer in pain, which ignores the patients rights. The terminally ill patient not only wants to live with having their quality of life and having dignity but they also want to die with dignity. The terminally ill patient has few options such as suicide or living in extreme pain. Some patients are too ill to even get out of bed to be able to rip suicide.Terminally ill patients that are suffering should not be made to feel demoralized for wanting to end their suffering. If the patient has paid into a life insurance fund all their life the company broadly speaking likely will not pay their love ones death benefits if they commit such an act. The problem is patient assisted death is not recognise as a medically necessary procedure. There is also a immense stigma that comes along with committing suicide that the families have to live with by and by their loved one has died. I belief in the individual self-reliance Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted DeathMany family members feel disgraced that their loved one acted against their religious beliefs. (Lois Snyder, JD, and Daniel P. Sulmasy 2001) Family members can get hold themselves in court fighting again other members of their family to keep their loved ones alive. Going to court can be an emotionally painful mould and doing so puts the patient through more emotional agony. Many families will break apartment because their ethical views differ so greatly. Roman Catholic Church has been the one biggest contesters of physician assisted death.Ethical arguments are based on beliefs systems that are learned through culture and religion therefore are only relative to th at person or society. The One of the issues with relativism is that is a persons beliefs can be too extreme and farfetched. Under the law of relativism any belief system relevant to that person would be considered ethical even murdering someone. Many doctors and nurses struggle with their feeling on patient assisted death because their morals and ethical views tell them it is wrong to assist a patient in death but they have great sympathy seeing their patients in pain and they want to help.Also, doctors take the Hippocratic Oath which states that doctors will never harm their patients but I argue the facts that prolonging death is harming the patient and takes away their constitutional right to choose death. Many religions believe as deontologist do in that is against their religion to assist someone in procuring their own death but that is exactly it the issue that it their belief system and not everyones. The constitutional represents the Liberty Due process clause that says it i s a fundamental right for terminally ill patients to die with dignity by the assistance of a medical professional.Lawyers have argued the fourteenth amendment which allows a doctor to remove life support as the last dying will and testament of the patient yet a physician cannot medically assist a patient in ending the life of a terminally ill person who is verbally requesting it. (Howard Ball 2012) Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death Moral and ethical debates expelling heated debates and cause controversial issues and never seem to end with everyone agreeing. These ethical and moral debates are complex and involve opinions persuaded by religion or customs nd have legal implications that must be consider. Physician assisted death a very complex and controversial issues that all people will never agree on. There are a lot questions that arise in the debate over physician assisted death such as patients rights, physicians controlling the right if someone lives or dies, a p atiences mental state, a family members rights, religious beliefs of the parties involved and the law. It seems that both theories have their flaws. The relativist can be too extreme in their view points because anything can be considered moral if the society feels it is relative.While the deontologist view point is too constrictive and only takes into consideration that a persons morals are their obligation and a duty to others. The deontologist would ignore the right of the patients even if they were suffering to conform to their obligations and moral duties. I am partial to believing that the patient has a right to choose if they want to live or die under legitimate circumstances. I believe that morals and ethics are not reinforced on one theory alone but on some(prenominal) parts of theories that consist of logic and reasoning.People will continue to get wind the different ethical theories that explain why certain societies believe the way they do. Some people may take the po sition of a deontologist who would argue that it is our moral duty to support and sustain life therefore assisted suicide should not be allowed. Unfortunately, this very emotional debate has many dynamics, as most ethical arguments do. In the situation of physician assisted death I disagree with the deontologist point of view and feel it is immoral to take away a patients right to end their own suffering.I believe to a certain extent as some relativist believe, that as long as the patient is fully capable of making Ethical Perspective on Physician Assisted Death this decision and the patient is in a constant state of agony, then the patient has the right to make the choice to live or die. The relativist believes that morals are only relative to that particular society and if physician assisted death was considered moral in that group then it would be considered a moral act. distributively theory has flaws. Some deontologist share my point of view and some relativist can be very extr eme in what they feel is relative to being morally right or wrong. The bottom line is people will probably never completely agree on this subject. As our society evolves and continues to become more liberal in their ethical views on controversial topics such as gay marriage, abortion and personal liberties more states will continue to pass laws support physician assisted death.

Andrew Jackson Was Not a Democrat

People voted capital of Mississippi as president with the title of a republican. He was completely the opposite his ruling was more than like the place of tyranny. state is a political system in which supreme position depends on citizens who can elect batch to represent them, and believe in majority rule. capital of Mississippis Presidency was not democratic because he lacked the with the power of the population concept, He practiced the Indian remotion Act, the spoil system, and inflames the pitiable against the rich for the National Bank. DOC G) Democracy is basically copen as power to the people, and the majority rule. Methods of electing presidential electors changed when capital of Mississippi started ruling. Even though more people were voting instead of legislative (DOC A), Natives were still not allowed to vote. The roughhewn people were universal-white-manhood which only benefitted them. (DOC B) To be democratic, all offices must fall chthonic absolute control of the people, (DOC D) which it wasnt. Jackson didnt represent power to the people.When Jackson was president, they had the spoil system. The spoil system doesnt represent democracy what so ever. In the politics of the United States, a spoil system is a system where a political party, after winning an election, gives government jobs to its voters. (DOC C) If Jackson were a true democratic, he would give jobs to people who qualified and merit them, not just because they are of the same affiliation. (DOC I) Another reason wherefore Jackson was not democratic is because he practiced the Indian Removal Act. DOC J) You can tell it wasnt democracy because he had champion thousand Seminoles, Choctaw, Creek, Chickasaw, and Cherokee Indians forcibly moved to Indian Territory West of Mississippi. (DOC L) In democracy, it means everyone is entitled to be equal, and Jackson sending people out-of-door and taking their land is obviously not treating someone equal. Jackson didnt support being a democratic because (DOC F) Andrew Jackson claims that out of 25 bank directors 5 are chosen by the government and 20 by the citizen stalk holders.He finds this to be an evil to our country when the majority of these people are actually chosen by stalk holders. Daniel Webster claims that Andrew Jackson seeks to exacerbate the poor against the rich. (DOC G) This could disrupt a democratic society. (DOC E) The cartoon picture shows that he is willing to use his veto to just stop anything he doesnt like. This is abuse of power. The picture also shows him as a king, we all know that a king isnt an elected official.Jackson wasnt a democratic because he lacked power of the people concept (DOC A,D,H,B,N), He practiced the Indian Removal Act, (DOC L,K,R,M), The spoil system,(DOC C,I) and inflames the poor against the rich for the National Bank (DOC E,F,G). The outperform piece of evidence that he wasnt democratic was Jacksons slave holdings. Jackson served as president starting in 1829. At that time, Jackson had over 90 slaves. In the mid 30s, Jackson owned more than 120 slaves. If he truly believed that all people deserved equal, he wouldnt own slaves. Jackson did not practice democracy like people believed he did.

Introduction of Tea Essay

Chapter 1THE PROBLEM AND REVIEW OF RELATED litIntroductionTea, however has been a drinking in China as early as 10th century BC. Many nations through unwrap business relationship consume savored it and some of them ar China, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Greece, India, Iran and Turkey.Also, aside from being considered as a run of the mill drink, tea pre moves supposed health benefits. Some politics say that drinking tea allegedly helps in preventing flockcer. Of course, in that respect atomic bout 18 detractors who say that drinking tea dissolve overly ca habituate coronary disease. Some even say that the consumption of various forms of tea results in acute liver damage. Considering all of these, tea, thitherfore foot be divisive. at that place is, however, another way that people uniformly view tea it asshole ba a vi adequate product or business. In fact, closely all restaurants in the country offer Ices Tea. Nestle makes money out of Nestea. Tea indeed is a profitable busi ness venture.Nowadays, there is a new tea craze sweeping the metropolis. People line up to savor this new incarnation of tea. Some even spend to a greater extent than 30 minutes just to drink this new fad. It is draw tea. Whats your comfort indulgence? A warm shape of coffee at the start of the day?Or maybe a mug of everywhereheated chocolate after a stressful week? For those of you who drop a taste for unique, rich flavors and ar craving some function new yet familiar, theres a cozy little cafe that offers just the thing you need.Nowadays, swallows atomic number 18 one of the around customary hangouts among adults and teen adults or those whom we name yuppies or young urban professionals. This is the place where they can have the fortune to relax, unwind after an exhausting week of work.The emergence of new boozing establishments is also evident these days. As a result, tight competition arises among beverage establishment.Competitionamong beverages should not be the provided focus of attention of beverage managers. They also have to consider the effects of the continuing economical crisis that we ar experiencing today and how they allow for be able to handle difficult situations up with it so that their business will continue its operation and not be affected.The uses of forwardingal strategies are very famous among beverage establishments. This helps them lure more than potential customers. It is also a business strategy that they can use to be able to context the tight competition, face the unvarying worsening of our economy and at the same time be able to give their customers satisfaction in the products and services they are availing.This study is focus on promotional strategies employed by the selected riant git branches. The establishment was chosen because of the interest of the researcher which is a guinea pig of study of the researcher. Similarly the topic promotional strategies are one of the practices, most popular and com mon among beverages establishments to attract their customers, which the researcher should be familiar with as future entrepreneurs.Review of Related LiteratureA. take out Tea in The PhilippinesIn the past year, tea shops are increasing all over the metro, effectually cementing its place as the biggest food/beverage trend of 2011. match to Bianca Consunji and RonnaCapili, Milk Tea is more affordable than cold designer coffee.B. Milk Tea As a BusinessOriginally from Hong Kong, laughing(prenominal) gamboge was brought to the country by a group of Chinese-Filipino businessmen who have been friends since put school and college Kelvin Gaisano, Kristine Gaisano, Smart Gilas player/TV host Chris Tiu, Andy See, Wesley Pardilla, and Edward Go. The young entrepreneurs share a common fill in for milk tea. Since there are only a few restaurants which serve good quality milk tea in the Philippines, they went abroad in search for the best cup of milk tea.Then, Kelvin got an idea.Why dont w e put up a milk tea business? he suggested. All agreed. still chance oning the perfect brand to bring to the Philippines was the challenge. Chris Tiu related Filipinos, to some extent, have already been introduced to milk tea, but we want them to develop a deeper time lag for it by offering quality beverages that boast of unique and delicious flavors, do from the freshest ingredients from around the world.Kelvin Gaisano added We know there are risks involved. But we also believe that there is an under-served market for milk tea. In their quest to find the best milk tea, the seven young businessmen went everywhere and act different milk tea brands. One day, they chanced upon halcyon stinkpot, a Hong Kong-based milk tea business that has been in the market since 2006. As they waltzed inside the line of descent and started looking at the menu, they knew they had found The One. They agreed to bring the brand shell to the Philippines. However, it wasnt an easy task. Tiu shared t hat they had to wait long before the license was finally granted to them. It was a long process of courtship, he said. For one, we didnt know who to contact for the franchising. Two, only one of us, Andy See, knows how to speak straight Mandarin.They sent letter after letter. They followed up each letter with calls, but they stock no reply at all until September 2009 when someone from the content Lemon headquarters in Hong Kong informed them that they were open to the idea of establishing Happy Lemon in the Philippines. In November 2010, Happy Lemon opened its ingress to Filipino milk tea lovers, including those who are curious about the brand. A quick look at the beverage menu is enough to wound ones curiosity.Using the good quality tea leaves import from China which are freshly brewed every day, Happy Lemon has several(prenominal) milk tea variants such as the Lemon Series, recommended for those who feel thirsty the Rock Salt Cheese, their best-seller the plain Milk Tea serie s neaten Spin, which is more popular among the younger ones Cocoa & Coffee, which is more chocolate and coffee based with several toppings and the exotic Specialty Drinks and Fresh Tea drinks, which are less sugary and specially made for health conscious individuals. For designer King Eagle and current television host Chris Tiu, it was a love for bubble tea that led to joining the Gaisano family and their partners in bringing Hong Kongs Happy Lemon brand to local shores.In Vancouver, Canada, the tea places are really packed. Here, its always been about coffee, so we think that theres room for Filipinos to learn to appreciate tea, he shares. -Happy Lemon is a Hong Kong-based drink shop brought to the Philippines by a group of friends from Ateneo, who have discovered it during their travels and grown to love it. Happy Lemon has over ampere-second branches worldwide, with the first local branch having opened at the Promenade in Green hills only last November. Due to its immense popu larity, new branches are already being planned for Eastwood and Power plant Mall.But, what makes Happy Lemon different from all the other beverage hubs cropping up lately? suspensor and TV host Chris Tiu, head of Happy Lemons marketing and Business Development, says, First of all, everything is fresh. The products, theyre all made from freshly brewed tea, so the flavor is more distinct. Plus, the products are very unique. The company spends a slew in and research and development, so theyre really high quality. Its not like other brands that are mostly powdered lang.He explained that plot of land most fast drink providers are for to-go orders only, the group wanted Happy Lemon to be more of a homey place with a warm, welcoming ambiance. We want to make it a destination where people can go and hang out with their friends, says Chris. Instead of going out on gimmicks at night or drinking alcohol, go here na lang. Wholesome tayo, di ba? Healthy pa CJ de los Santos, Cosmo.ph Staff Wr iter may 23, 2011Occasion Based market is an approach to connect when and why consumers use the product with how they shop for the product. Companies need to realize that their customers are not only different from each other, but are also different from themselves at different times. People have different needs when they are at work and when they are at home or socializing. The results of this study would look upon that the consumer durable companies andretailers are adapting various promotional strategies to attract script prone, promotion liking customers. Consumers are bombarded with messages pitched through a growing number of channels broadcast and narrow cast television, radio, on-line computer networks, the internet, bid services such as fax and telemarketing, and niche magazines and other marking media. In developing the product strategy, marketers strive for the right mix of promotional elements to make sure that their product is well received.One of the primary goals of a customer promotion is to entice the customer to take the final smell and make a obtain Advertising creates the interest and excitement that brings the consumer into the inclose. Marketers and so use other tactics in conjunction with advertising programs. In gain to leading to the final decision to buy an item, consumer promotions programs can be highly good in bringing traffic into a store and generating brand allegiance. (Stanley George June 30, 2012) Many marketers believe that behavioral variables occasions, benefits, user status, usage rate, loyalty status, buyer readiness stage, and attitude- are the best starting points for constructing market segments (Philip Kotler, Keller, Koshy and Jha, 2007). Buyers can be distinguished according to the occasions they develop a need, purchase a product or use a product (Philip Kotler, 2002).Marketing managers and advertising agencies have realized that to make their communication programs effective, they have to rely on sale s promotions, public relations, personal selling, and direct marketing, in addition to conventional advertising campaigns. In todays markets it is no seven-day a choice between advertising or promotion rather, it is a combination of advertising and promotion (Roberto and Roberto, 2005). Research has shown that advertising is most effective when used along with sales promotion, and sales promotions are more effective when communicated well through advertising so as to increase ken of the promotional offers (Joseph and Sivakumaran, 2008)Statement of the ProblemThe study intended to determine the potentiality of the Promotional Strategies employed by the selected branches of Happy Lemon.Specifically, the study aims to answer the undermentioned sub problem. 1. What is the profile of the customers?2. What are the reasons for customers patronage in response to the promotional strategies? 3. How do the customers perceive the Effectiveness of the strategies as promotional tool? 4. What are the common problems the customers encounter?5. What are the comments and suggestions to improve their promotional strategies?Significance of the tryIndustry Partners of SPUQC. The study enables the Industry Partners of SPUQC to know the preferred non-alcoholic beverages of students of SPUQC for them to manufacture more of those and to accrue more profit. Entreprenuers. The study enables the entrepreneurs to be aware of what are the popular non-alcoholic beverages in the present and for them to innovate and manufacture to accrue more profits. Students of St. capital of Minnesota University Quezon urban center. This study enables the students to be satisfied with their preferred non-alcoholic beverages and for them to know the positive and nix effects of it. Future Researchers. The study enables the future researchers to make this research as their starting point and for them to have a reference to base on what are the preferences of students on non-alcoholic beverages.Scope an d LimitationThis study will deal with the Effectiveness of the Promotional Strategies of Selected Happy Lemon Branches As Perceived by the Customers The variables are non-alcoholic beverages which are soft drinks, juices, tea, coffee, milk, energy drinks, chocolate drinks. This study will only include random college students of all the courses in St. Paul University Quezon City and random customers of Happy Lemon.

Field Experience In The Classroom Role Education Essay

In a category, the survey is to hold pupils larn new constructs and absorb them to hold intending impact in their lives. While this is aspired by many a(prenominal), non as many instructors adopt teaching regularity effectual for learning. Dalton defines teaching method as the system of rules and methods that support and help effectual instruction ( 2008 ) . She besides adds that it is besides implied in the usage of the handed-down term direction and in treatment of instructional attacks. Poor usage of teaching method fag bring forth chaos whereas its decent use maintains set up. Keen attending is required in the organisation of the schoolroom, interaction between the instructor and pupils and layout of the activities. Management of category scene and lesson agendas atomic number 18 the otherwise of import facets ( Dolton, 2008 ) . In my field experience, I encountered eight scenarios where I start presented the fortunes, my analysis and recommendationsCase 1I completed one hundred hours with in a quaternate class category for particular instruction. In this category, there are 12 male childs and a instructor. There were besides two paraprofessionals one for is educational while the other is a crisis director. Although the jollys were bright, they easy lost focal grade to their arch interlockings. The crisis direction paraprofessional would shout at the pupils achieve category order. Having stayed with the pupils for many old ages, she had interrupted that mien of pull offing disorderliness in category. The pupils would acquire soundless because of her bullying. As for the instructor, she raised the voice with a affluent expression to which the kids kept quiet. The crisis director, nevertheless, considered that attack excessively soft for the category and she would gain in with commanding cries. The instructor had non discussed the affair with the director. I sensed she was frighten by the older lady director to show her expost ulation to manner that manner of managing the category.Observation, lesson and recommendationThis environment is non contributing for particular instruction scholars in quaternary class in particular instruction. The crisis director has conditioned the pupils to react to notwithstanding prohibit stimulation. This means the kids maintain quiet out of fright when threatened. This adapts them to chance on from bullying destructing their assurance. The instructor on her portion raises the voice to accomplish order in the category. The two ways are catastrophic to the development of the kids. In this caseful, po vexive stimulation is better stand out. Aspects that good or are like by the kids are projected to them ( Dolton, 2011 ) . For case, inquiring the kids to settle so that tarradiddle they may larn the merriment in narrative relation. The instructor and the para-educators affect to construct integrity of intent. In private meeting of the three, they should reflect on object iveness of the category direction.Case 2There is a female upgrade who professes the religion of master informant. Her boy Mekhi, is non allowed to take part in any vacation link activities he is therefore excluded from vacation narratives, coloring/creating vacation drawings and vacation parties in the schoolroom. The instructor offers him other work while the vacation activities are traveling on.Observation, lesson and recommendationReligious religion is a personal affair with much bearing on a truster s picks. In the schoolroom scene, it presents complex human relationship for group members detecting effects of contrasting credos ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is more delicate for kids who develop sharper consciousness of their exclusion from groups due to their religion. The instructor should run into with the conjure up to discourse fortunes and alternate activities allowable to Mekkhi. Since vacation activities are fun with kids, alternate activities sought for him should be in F ieldss of his involvement. Finding him separate locale testament assist concentrate attending of the chief category from his alone ruler.Case 3I spy many parents like to observe their kids s birthdays in the schoolroom by directing bar and juice to school. Due to allergic reactions, some pupils raise excluded from eating the bar because it may incorporate nuts. Eventually, some kids merely sit by disquieted to watch others basking the bars. The parents are cognizant that the kids enjoy cookies, confect, cut friess and pizza every bit much as the bars. In add-on, these options to come on make non bring on allergic reactions in the kids.Observation, lesson and recommendationGroup merriment activities are healthy environment for kids to larn interpersonal accomplishments. Their character is shaped done interaction with others. Birthday parties, for case facilitate kids learn do friends and pattern generousness by share party nutrients. Children are particularly idiotic when they notice physical differences such organ damage on anyone. However, they adopt the signifi freighterce impressed upon them by figures of authorization like parents. In the typeface of allergic reaction to nuts, the victims are detecting how restricting their status is to only them from the party. Activities that cause exclusion of a kid based particularly on native state of affairss they have small control over is sore-eyed for their societal development ( Dolton, 2011 ) . The instructor should propose the alternate nutrients acceptable to kids through a missive to all parents. Informing the parents of the recommendation early in the twelvemonth minimizes likely struggle with parents who may hold planned the birthdays.Case 4There was a clip a pupil named Kenny had a birthday party in the schoolroom. He decided non to portion his bar and juice with pupils he did non like. He severely warned them non to accept the bar when it was offered. As the instructor passed the bar socia l unit of ammunition, I noticed remarkably high figure of pupils decline the offer. Normally, these kids apprehended confectionary but here they respond in cold blood to the bar. The instructor solemnly urged an account from the pupils. A boy broke into cryings as he narrated just about Kenny s warning to them. The instructor asked Kenny to offer an apology and regard sharing the bar with all pupils. The category embraced Kenny with forgiveness and accepted a piece of the bar.Observation, lesson and recommendationChilds have stronger group individuality than grownups. Therefore, a kid excluded ostracized from a group through bullying is susceptible to emphasize. Passive intimidation can lay waste to a kid before a instructor detects it. In this case survey, this instructor connects good with her pupils to feel a caper from implicit symptoms ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Her attack to work outing the incident effectively yielded corroborative result. The instructor besides chose an appro priate signifier of redress. As a beginning(a) case of error, Kenny was made to reflect on his action and rectify its harmful impact with an apology. The kid reconciled and resumed friendly relationship by sharing the bar in joy.Case 5There was a male child who involuntarily wet himself in the schoolroom. The instructor did non call on the carpet him she merely attended him to the bathroom to hold him take a bath. She so took him to the office so that she could discourse the affair with his parent. Meanwhile, she ensured that the pupil did non endure farther embarrassment in the schoolroom.Observation, lesson and recommendationThis is a instance of private job to an person. Although a physiological job, it sets a phase for psychological emphasis if the kid gets embarrassed or more harmful shame. The instructor was house to the category so that they deduce the incident is non one of merriment. To the affected kid, she was compassionate by cleaning him. Involving the parent builds establishes more support for the kid. Stronger support empowers a kid with a natural trouble dressed ore on acquisition ( Dolton, 2011 ) .Case 6I had spent 50 hours in first grade category 27 male childs and misss taking global Education. In this incident, the instructor had taught the pupils good manners. She defined for them appropriate was ever invariably reminding the kids about their manners. Always stating them to utilize suited scenarios to thank person, offer aid and to open the door for others. She so demonstrated through simulations application of these interpersonal accomplishmentsObservation, lesson and recommendationThis is a instance of role-playing. Children learn efficaciously through existential battle ( Dolton, 2011 ) . They particularly assimilate constructs they observe from a figure of authorization. The instructor efficaciously passed on the construct of manners by practising them. When category constructs are structured with life, acquisition is strongly e ffectual.Case 7A girl stole the instructor s gum tree taw and conceal it in her school bag. Another pupil discovered the gun gum and alerted the instructor. The instructor pulled the miss who stole the gum gun aside and spoke to her. She gave her an chance to explicate herself sing the intuition. The miss confessed the larceny, returned the stolen suggest and offered an apology. The instructor accepted the apology without farther penalty.Observation, lesson and recommendationThis is a instance of administrating subject to an person through disciplinary redress. An incident of undiscipline requires neighboring(a) action to control cultivation negative character. However, a penalty can wound a kid s psychological science irrecoverably if inappropriately administered ( Dolton, 2011 ) . Any first incident of an experience is utile to a kid s acquisition. Having recognized the miss who had stolen the gum, the instructor allowed the pupil to do a confession of her act and offer an a pology. It s a authoritative instance of animating appearance alteration through personal contemplation.Case 8In this instance, there was a sub-teacher who was returning file booklets category. While walked round the schoolroom, she would fling booklets to their several proprietors or else of passing them out. The pupils looked surprised at the behavior of the instructor.Observation, lesson and recommendationThis is a instance of negative function mold by the instructor ( Dolton, 2008 ) . It is impolite for anyone to throw a file booklet to another individual. Young kids observe and copy the behavior of the instructor as an authorization upon them. The incompatibility between the theory about manners and contrary pattern renders the lesson uneffective to pupils.DecisionThe diverseness of the incidents offered an experiential impact of teaching method used ill or efficaciously. In instances that I was ill deployed, larning was hard or uneffective. In instance where good methodolog ical analysiss were adopted to pull off the category scene and pupil societal dealingss, there was effectual acquisition.

Evidence of Chemical Change Essay

PurposeTo observe several(prenominal) chemical changes (reactions) and the evidence they exhibit for chemical change.DataSee foliate 3AnalysisThe two terms that describe possible sinew change in a chemical reaction argon Exothermic, for usage when a gas is formed when dogshit II Chloride and Aluminum are mixed, and Endothermic, for example when copper II Hydroxide is heated.There are many another(prenominal) substances used in this test, the elements are Hydrogen Gas, Aluminum, and warm grunter, the compounds are Copper II Nitrate, sodium Hydroxide, Copper II Hydroxide, Copper II Oxide, Hydrochloric Acid, Sodium Nitrate, H2O, Copper II Chloride, and Aluminum Chloride.In the last step of this experiment Aluminum Chloride is not a solid like it should be at room temperature, it is dissolved into the mixture. In order to recover the Aluminum Chloride as a solid, you would have to evaporate out all of the peeing.The color of the termination Copper II Nitrate is blue and the co lor of the solution Copper II Chloride is blue. Of all the substances listed in the second question, the ones that dissolve in water are Sodium Nitrate, Aluminum Chloride, Copper II Nitrate, Sodium Hydroxide, and Hydrochloric Acid, the substances that do not dissolve in water are Copper II Hydroxide, Copper II Oxide, solid Copper, Aluminum, and Copper II Chloride.These equations are pen referring to the procedures in this experimenta) copper(II) nitrate + sodium hydroxide copper(II) hydroxide + sodium nitrate b) copper(II) hydroxide (+ heat) copper(II) oxide + H2O c) copper(II) oxide + hydrochloric acid copper(II) chloride + H2O d) copper(II) chloride + atomic number 13 solid copper + aluminum chloride e) aluminum + hydrochloric acid hydrogen gas + aluminum chlorideFour general observations seen in this experiment that indicate a chemical change has occurred are color change, energy change, gas formed, and solid formed.

Breakfast Eating Habit: A Statisical Research Project Essay

E genuinely day millions of people around the formal turn off their alarm clocks and start their day. Some pull up stakes jump come to the fore of bed and hit the door running well(p) tilt because they are already 10 minutes late. Others are up hours before they are required to be anywhere, soak in the break of the day and settle into a predefined routine, of which eradicate whitethorn or may not be a part of. But who flows eat? argon there any significant grammatical constituents that predispose certain people to sweep away breakfast or not eat breakfast? One mount to determining dependency of environmental variables and eat habits is toclass individuals according to one(a) of many possible variables. The topic for discussion in this paper is breakfast eating habits among women and the variability of infantren, specifically, whether women with pre teenaged children surviving at root eat breakfast much than frequently than women without pre teen children. In theo ry, a individual might assume that that women with pre teen children will tend to eat breakfast to a greater extent than so than women without pre teen children due in part to the office they kick in to wake up early and prepare their children for the days events including rail and sports.Different factors of each home can vary results in any direction unless our look attempts to determine the dependency that pre teen may have on their m opposites own breakfast eating habits. There is a tremendous amount of question done on the benefits of eating a health breakfast not only for adults, but children as well. Researchers have found that when healthy, lean women skipped their morning meal, it raised their cholesterin levels and diminished their bodies sensitivity to insulin, a hormone that helps regulate blood sugar levels. Inaddition, the women tended to eat more calories on breakfast-free days, suggesting that over time, skipping breakfast could spur weight gain. preceding (a) studies have also suggested that women who eat breakfast, particularly whole-grain cereals, have lower cholesterol and insulin levels. Along with past evidence, new findings suggest that making time for breakfast is likely to have long-term health benefits. Whether one of those benefits results in a smaller waistline remains un overt. Some research has found a direct correlation amongst eating breakfast, particularly whole-grainfoods, and lower organic structure weight. Conversely, other studies have found no such relationship exists. What is clear is that researchers have found evidence that Mom was right breakfast may really be the most important meal of the day, especially for maturement children. It is essential for children to regularly consume a balanced breakfast. Data supports that the more often adolescents eat breakfast, the less likely they tend to be overweight. surplus studies have shown children are more focused in school and do better academically than those w ho skip breakfast.Children show the tendency to have more energy throughout the day and are more likely to record in school activities and sports. Psychologists have determined children mostly observe their parents and postdate their actions. A healthy habit of eating breakfast would tend to be a learned trait by following generations and influence the children to pertain eating breakfast into adulthood. Experts also surmise that if breakfast is regularly consumed as a family meal, it may reduce the likelihood of drug use as children mature into adults.The feeling of familycloseness and nurturing support is a significant factor in reduced propensity of crime related activities with children. In influence to help determine whether or not any dependency exists between breakfast eating habits and having pre teen children, our team created a survey that asked very basic questions relating to age, pregnancy, children, and how many multiplication those women ate a breakfast that consi sted of more than water or coffee.Our research chose to exclude women that where pregnant with their first child in order to rule out any difference in opinion of whether or not those women had a child at all. Our research also specifically excluded women under the age of 18 due to a litany of factors that we will not discuss in this paper. The breakfast quantities were lumped into three groups 0-2 times per week, 3-5 times per week, and 6-7 times per week. We then randomly distributed our survey via the internet in order to capture a diverse group of woman and collated the responses. Since our research focused on determining dependency between pre teen children and eating breakfast, our null and alternative statements were simpleNull report There is no difference in breakfast eating habits of women in relation to having pre teen children or having no pre teen children living in the house. Alternative Statement Women with pre teen children living in the house eat breakfast more f requently then women who do not have pre teen children living in the house. Failing to reject the null statement would be an sign that no dependency lies between having children and eating breakfast. Conversely and what we expected to follow out was that a dependency did exist between the two.Our survey yielded 39 respondents, of which the year breakdown is as follows Breakfast 0-2 Breakfast 3-5 Breakfast 6-7 With Preteen Children 1 7 6 Without Preteen Children 4 4 17 epoch the data may indicate a correlation between having children and breakfast eating habits exist, performing a Chi Squared Test for independency revealed that we are 95% confident that no such relationship exists as shown by the graph on the following page Our research dictates that we extremity to fail to reject the null hypothesis thus determining that with 95% certainty, no relationship exists.In conclusion, while having pre teen children in the home has no bearing on whether or not women age 18 and high ea t breakfast more often, there may be other factors that would lend itself to a dependency. Actively working, reporting time, time of year, and mayhap a survey on men might be other explored variable in an effort to determine any dependency relating to breakfast eating habits. It was interesting to note that respondents that did not have children ate breakfast in the 6-7 times a week range disproportionately higher than the other two categories.Further research is needed to ferret out any identifiable variable that would support this evidence. It is important to note for supercharge discussion that the test statistic calculated high enough to the critical cherish that based on a larger sample size, a adventure may still exist that a dependent relationship is real, but not within our sample. Eating breakfast has been determined beneficial for adults and children alike, if research could identify correlations, education could be tailored to specific at attempt groups and encourage those within the preferred band of dependency.

Case Analysis Questions on Leadership Online (a): Barnes & Noble vs. Amazon.Com

Q1 resume Barnes & dreads rail line strategy and trading model found in the eccentric descriptions. How cede these strategy and tune model been evolved since the case was written? Barnes & Nobles agate line model simply typeset was lower cost, and SCM. They sold merchandise at lower cost and they in any case decreased cost associated with procurement by obtaining better discounts from publishers than an new(prenominal)(prenominal) hold back retailers and by publishing certain titles themselves.Since Barnes & Nobles held a vast portion of the commercialise sh atomic number 18 they were competent to leverage scales of economies when it came to reducing costs. Lastly, they were fit to achieve minify stock-taking cost by means of the business perks provided to them such as longer payment terms and access to harbours in niggling supply. Barnes & Nobles business strategy was to use economies of scale and economies of image. They use economies of scale through pro curement and logistics. Since they were able to get bigger discounts from publishers they were able to produce more revenue when shiting merchandise.As far as economies of scope is concerned champion can clearly see that Barnes & Nobles implemented this because they dourered other services and they acquired other companies as fountainhead as certain percentage stakes in them. They acquired a mail-order concur business, a membership club, and a 20% stake in Canadas largest throw retailer to try and broaden their scope. I intend matchless can argue that Barnes & Nobles business strategy and business model in theory hasnt changed (I. e. that they use economies of scale still) that they provided added new products or services however, Ill make the argument that both has changed.Barnes & Noble realized how big the practical(prenominal) storefront became so not only did they try to create an on-line presence they also created the recess an e-reader device. They self-manufactur e this product along with a couplet other devices and currently sell them in their stores. They are aggressive in trying to obtain portions of market share in the virtual book retail industry. Also in June 2011 consumer reports stated that the quoin beat the kindle (amazon e-reader device) by unrivalled point. So it is apparent that Barnes & Noble is changing their business strategy and model well unless have to wait and see how successful they are.Q2 Summarize Amazon. coms business strategy and business model based in the case descriptions. How have these strategy and business model been evolved since the case was written? The case describes Amazon. coms business model as sell all, carry few. What that heart and soul is that Amazon will make money though SCM and though reduced cost. Amazon was able to achieve reduced or low inventory cost by only carrying a few select titles in their own warehouse in Seattle while offering over one million titles though publishers and wholesal ers.Their business strategy revolved around virtual economies of scale. Amazon was able to sell a lot of books at lowers prices by leveraging their purchasing power with publishers and wholesalers. Amazon. coms business strategy and business model have expanded a bit. As far as business strategy is concerned amazon is today offering a variety of services and products such as cloud services and other products that arent books. Amazon also just implemented a lot in service were you can trade cell phones, video games, and other electronics and books for an Amazon gift card.So this will put them under implementing economies of scope. Their business model is following the same path as there are making money from their new services and by leveraging their buying power with other non-book products. One can also argue that they followed the one of a kind business strategy by offering products through a virtual storefront as opposed to the traditional brinks and motor. Q3 In your opinion, how wholesome did Barnes & Noble counter the moves that Amazon. com had made (up to when the case was written)? How about now?How is Barnes & Noble doing vis-a-vis Amazon. com? I think Barnes & Noble did very salutary in countering Amazon. coms moves. They created College Bookstores, a student oriented on-line book site. They also launched a new transaction system as well as launch their own web-site and make a deal with AOL. They also embarked on other system develop projects and marketing ventures. However, even though Barnes & Noble made good stride I dont believe many of their ideas were successful. Jump into 2012 Barnes & Noble is still competing with Amazon. om and I think theyre doing ok but Amazon. com is playing chess with them and using economies of scope to capitalize on other opportunities. As I mentioned earlier a June 2011 consumer reports stated that the nook (Barnes & Noble) beat the kindle (amazon e-reader device) by one point. As far as overall health of the di ckens companies is concerned I created a bar chart below to depict important factors off of their sense of balance sheets. The information is current as of Sep. 2011. According to the two balance sheets it seems that Amazon is doing a lot better than Barnes and Noble.If I had to make a prediction I would put my money with Barnes and Noble. Also please notice that Table one figures represents millions. Q4 Based on the case and your own research, how do you characterize the competition in the bookselling industry in 2000 and 2011? Applying the Porters Five-Force model, which forces are impacting closely on the profitability of firms? The competition in the book selling industry is slowly increasing with new entrants and substitute products advent into the market.I would characterize the competition as increasing and becoming more dynamic as book retailers are using the economies of scope strategy to look for new streams of revenue. Applying Porters five-force model to the book ret ailing industry, there are two or three of them that are having the most impact on the book retailing industry. First, is threat of new entrants. everyplace the past few years there have been a couple of noticeable new entrants in the market, for instance Bilbo, half. com, and AbeBooks just to mention a few.These new entrants are fighting for a piece of the market share, thus likely taking market share from the major players such as Amazon and Barnes & Noble. in that respect also an increasing market with e-books or electronic books. This would fall under threat of substitute products or services in Porters five-force model. People are increasingly adapting to using e-books. There are also specific devices such as the kindle and nook that facilitate their usage. Even DePaul University is adopting such technology with their e-book program (books 247 and others).I dont believe the buyers and suppliers parts of the model are having a huge impact because I would imagine that the comp any with the biggest market share would still have the most bargaining power when negotiating with the two however, the entrance of e-books does add a dynamic aspect to the SCM part of the industry. I fi would venture to guess I would say that Barnes & Nobles will eventually go out of business unless business and that Amazon. com will survive as they watch economies of scale by offering cloud services along with other potential revenue generators.