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Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Ssm is a qualitative methodology

IntroductionSoft Systems MethodologyDefinitionSoft systems methodological analysis ( SSM ) is a systemic attack for covering with real-world job state of affairss. Peter Checkland and his co-workers developed soft systems methodological analysis from system theory at Lancaster University in the United Kingdom. SSM is a qualitative methodological analysis and was developed utilizing action research so that it is besides treated as a theoretical methodological analysis. The bosom of SSM is a comparing between the universe as it is, and some theoretical accounts of the universe as it might be.Out of this comparing originate a better apprehension of the universe ( â€Å"research† ) , and some thoughts for betterment ( â€Å"action† ) . ( See Figure 1 )Use of SSMInitially, the systems can be divided into two facets: proficient and human activity systems. However, human activity systems are much harder to pattern. The people ‘s place, people ‘s action and their relationship are involved. Therefore, it is more complex and mutable. Soft Systems Methodology places an accent on human activity systems. Furthermore, SSM is peculiarly used at the analysis phase of developing information systems. It is non a methodological analysis to cover all phases of the systems development life rhythm ( SDLC ) . However, SSM is extraordinary good at elaborating political and soft, people-oriented issues. Furthermore, it refers to job state of affairs instead than jobs. lAny composite, organisational, ill-structured, fuzzed, soft, and dynamic job state of affairsThe 7-Step Description1 The job state of affairs: unstructured The purpose of first measure is to understand the job state of affairs and addition as many different positions as possible. 2The job state of affairs: expressed Then is this phase, the research worker produces a elaborate presentation, a â€Å"rich picture† , of the state of affairs. Rich pictures show stakeholders, their duty, cardinal interactions, struggles, political issues and concerns. This measure is frequently done graphically. 3Root definitions of relevant systems After that, the root definitions of relevant systems are identified. Root definitions are intended to depict both political and personal premises. The root definition is frequently produced by CATWOE checklist in order to do certain all of import points are included.Client ( people who affected by the system )Actor ( people who convert inputs to end products )Transformation ( the alterations that take topographic point )Weltanschauung ( the relevant universe position or premises )Owner ( people who has the power )Environment ( the wider system or restraints )4Building conceptual theoretical accounts This measure is to pull conceptual theoretical accounts utilizing the root definition. A conceptual theoretical account exhibits the activities of the systems that represented in the root definition. 5Comparing conceptual theoretical accounts with world Compare and contrast the conceptual theoretical account with the rich image is considered in this measure. The purpose of is to look into the apprehension is right and whether the conceptual theoretical account can dress the job struggles. 6Assess whether the alterations are executable and desirable After comparing, suggested alterations are identified and evaluated.Those alterations can probably to change in desirableness and feasibleness: Desirability: Does it better technically? Feasible: Does it suit the civilization? 7Action to better the job state of affairs The recommendation will set into pattern.Analysis the CaseBackgroundBirths, deceases and matrimonies ( BDM ) in Salford Council has a long history. BDM office provides services such as registry a birth, decease or matrimony certifications, and aid with following household braid. As the services are more and more popular, the Salford Online Archive and Retrieval system ( SOLAR ) is introduced.Current Existing ProblemBDM staff reported trouble in covering with the clients during peek times.Long waiting lines developed at the response desk and the other service centres during popular times.Conflicts between the clients and staff happened.The contrasting demands of two different clients groups are hard to manage at the same time.Reasons why SSM is AppropriateThere are five major grounds why SSM is appropriate. First of wholly, the jobs of BDM office are decidedly organisational, ill-structured jobs. Soft Systems Methodology focuses on the human activities systems. And it is good at clear uping political and soft, people-oriented issues. After that, there are many different positions of the systems their demand in BDM state of affairss. SSM is besides such a methodological analysis that can cover with complex organisational and political job state of affairss where those involved lack a common understanding good. Additionally, the assorted facets of the jobs are extremely interrelated in the state of affairs of BDM. So if alteration one facet is likely to hold a enormous impact on other facets. As a systemic methodological analysis, SSM is helpful to develop such a moderately holistically understanding of the correlativities of the assorted facets of the job state of affairs. Furthermore, the intent of SSM is to transport out betterments in a state of affairs perceived as debatable. Meanwhile, SSM does non try to work out ‘the job ‘ but to ease a acquisition procedure which allows its users to bit by bit develop a more comprehensive apprehension of the state of affairs under survey. As a consequence, stakeholders are more likely to make understandings about what alterations in the state of affairs the involved parties can populate with. Finally, SSM uses a set of specific techniques and strict tools to see a â€Å"messy† job. Techniques contains†¦ †¦Application of SSMPhase 1 and 2In order to develop rich image of this instance, it is critical to derive as many different positions as possible.The stakeholders consist of clients, BDM Office staff, directors of the BDM Office, the possible spouses and the advisers of Salford City council.Client: We want to bask quality service and support.BDM Office staff: We were enthusiastic about the proviso of the call Centre services because it could liberate up the specializer resources, cut downing force per unit area and assisting to cut down the waiting clip for clients.Directors: We concerned on the current bing jobs and we can merely work out these jobs every bit shortly as possible.Potential spouses: We are interested in the proposals made by advisers which can do the populace services to be organized.Advisers: We concerned on more incorporate attack for future service development which can do the public service organized.Phase 3After set uping rich ima ge, root definitions of two relevant systems in phase 3 should be considered. The well-known CATWOE checklist will be used to place cardinal elements of the root definition.Phase 4Once the root definitions have been established, conceptual theoretical accounts that describe the activities should be conducted at phase 4. Therefore, the root definition of clients will be used to develop the conceptual theoretical account.Phase 5

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Effective Teacher Essay

Other studies of the effects of teacher experience on student learning have found a relationship between teachers’ effectiveness and their years of experience (Murnane & Phillips, 1981; Klitgaard & Hall, 1974), but not always a significant one or an entirely linear one. While many studies have established that inexperienced teachers (those with less than three years of experience) are typically less effective than more senior teachers, the benefits of experience appear to level off after about five years, especially 10 in non-collegial work settings (Rosenholtz, 1986). A possible cause of this curvilinear trend in experience effects is that older teachers do not always continue to grow and learn and may grow tired in their jobs. Furthermore, the benefits of experience may interact with educational opportunities. Veteran teachers in settings that emphasize continual learning and collaboration continue to improve their performance (Rosenholtz, 1984). Similarly, very well-prepared beginning teachers can be highly effective. For example, some recent studies of 5-year teacher education programs— programs that include a bachelor’s degree in the discipline and master’s in education as well as a year-long student teaching placement—have found graduates to be more confident than graduates of 4-year programs and as effective as more senior teachers (Andrew & Schwab, 1995; Denton & Peters, 1988). It is also possible that uneven effects of experience in cross-sectional studies can be the result of cohort effects (for example, cohorts of teachers hired in times of shortage may be less well-qualified than those hired when schools can be more selective) or of attrition effects (for example, disproportionate early attrition of more able teachers may leave a less capable senior force on average) (Murnane & Phillips, 1981; Vance & Schlechty, 1982). Presumably, the direction of this effect would change if retention policies kept the most able beginning teachers in the profession. Since experience is also correlated with teacher education and certification status, these variables may be confounded in some analyses.

Distinctly Visual Essay Essay

Explore the ways the distinctly visual is viewed through experience of others Distinctly visual images are viewed through experiences of others, which are significant in developing portraits of the environment and relationships. Henry Lawson’s ‘Loaded Dog’ and ‘Drovers Wife’, produce distinctly visual images through the experience of characters relationships with each other and their ability to survive in the harsh Australian environment. Similarly, John Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’ looks at the environment, as a way to develop the relationship between characters and as a result creating a distinctly visual image for the audience In the prescribed text ‘Loaded Dog’, Lawson, develops visuals through the use of larrikin behavior in the Australian environment. The emptiness and often-hopeful feelings in the outback are shown through low modality ‘supposed to exist in the vicinity’, representing the hardships experienced in the Australian outback. Lawson creates vibrant visuals, enabling the reader to understand the vivid sounds in the outback. The use of onomatopoeia ‘the live fuse†¦ hissing and fluttering’, creates a distinct visual, and highlights the rich and exciting nature the Australian environment has to offer. Lawson signifies how experiences in the Australian outback, can create larrikin relationship between characters in the text. Tommy the dog, is seen as the troublemaker throughout the text and through the use of anthropomorphism ‘he took life, the world, his two legged mates, and his own instinct as a huge joke’, the reader is able to understa nd how relationships are developed through the experiences in the gold mining environment. Tommy’s ‘fun-loving nature’ is reflected upon his ‘two legged mates’, who develop humor in the text, in order to create distinctly visual images. Through repetition ‘Run Andy run!’ and vernacular ‘Don’t foller us’, the reader can develop a visual of the men running around in a panicked frenzy, allowing their experiences to create a vivid portrait. The jokey nature between the men allow the reader to develop a distinct visual of the men as ‘larrikins’, and their relationship as fun and friendly. The rhetorical question ‘how’s the fishing going Da-a-ve?’, enables Lawson to  highlight the fact the men create distinct relationships between each other, which led to a comedy of errors, allowing the reader to understand their experiences in the harsh Australian outback. Lawson has demonstrated distinctly visual images, through the detailed and realistic description of people and the environm ent, allowing the reader to depict images in the Australian outback. In the prescribed text ‘Drovers Wife’, Lawson demonstrates that experiences of the isolated and harsh environment creates a relationship with the surrounding Australian outback, create distinctly visual images for the reader. Images are created of her fighting a bush fire, presenting a further challenge for the drover’s wife to conquer in the harsh environment. Lawson demonstrates this through alliteration ‘grass grow’, creating a distinctly visual image, through the experience of the formidable Australian outback. Through colour imagery ‘ big black yellow eyed dog of all breeds’, the reader is able to understand the rough and tough, characteristics that enable the dog to survive in the outback. This colour imagery draws attention to the hard relationship between the dog and the family, and the experiences that enable the dog to protect the family. The Dog creates a distinctly visual image to the reader as Lawson highlights the tight bond between the family and the dog, and the effort they all make to protect each other. This is demonstrated through the simile ‘Tommy, who worked like a little hero’, creating a heroic characteristic that helps the family survive in the unforgiving environment. The relationship between the mother and the kids is shown through the vernacular ‘blast me if I do’, highlighting the empathy the son has for his mother and the distinctly visual bond that has developed. The cruel environment takes its toll on the drover’s wife and her experiences create distinctly visual images. Short syntax ‘she cried then’ demonstrates the relationship between her and the environment and how at times, it gets the better of her, creating a portrait of sorrow. The symbol of the ‘young lady’s journal’, stresses the Drover’s Wife and her ability to leave her womanhood in the past, in order to confront the formidable Australian outback, creating a visual that demonstrates her experiences formed from her relationships in the environment. Lawson creates a text that develops distinctly visual images, through experiences of the drover’s wife  surviving in the unkind environment. In the prescribed text ‘Of Mice and Men’, John Steinbeck creates a distinctive relationship with the characters and uses vivid images to create a backdrop to the environment. Through the clarity of the environment, the reader is able to understand that the environment, determines the moods and relationships of the characters. The simile ‘flies shot like rushing stars’ and assonance ‘the deep green of the Salinas River’, demonstrates where the ventures of the men will take place, and the descriptive language creates a distinctly visual image through the experience of the men. Steinbeck identifies the environment as a warm and peaceful setting through the visual imagery ‘the sycamore leaves whispered in a little night breeze’. These vivid images create a way to understand the natural beauty of the environment, which is significant in that the environment produces different experiences for the characters and therefore creating a distin ctly visual image. Steinbeck uses light and darkness to create symbolism. ‘The two men glanced up, for the rectangle door of sunshine was cut off. A girl was standing there’. The reader is able to visualize the light as hope and dreams, and Curley’s wife, symbolizing the cut off of these dreams. These experiences create distinctly visual images. The relationship between characters Lennie and George demonstrates that experiences of the men in the rugged environment shape the visual images. Zoomorphism ‘Lennie dabbled his paw in the water’ and characterization ‘the first man was small and quick dark of face with restless eyes’, shows the comparison between the men, and how their different characteristics enables a friendship between the men. One predominantly the leader, and the other the follower. The relationship of how the men interact with each other is demonstrated through vernacular ‘they said we was here when we wasn’t’, enables the reader to understand and visualize their experiences. In the related text ‘Loaded Dog’ and ‘Drovers Wife’, Henry Lawson highlights the importance of relationships in surviving in the harsh Australian bush. Through the relationships in the bush, the reader can understand how the characters experiences create distinctly visual images. Similarly in John Steinbeck’s ‘Of Mice and Men’, the environment determines the experiences  that the characters face, which further develops their relationship creating a distinctly visual image.

Monday, July 29, 2019

CRITICAL THINKING ASSIGNMENT Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRITICAL THINKING - Assignment Example sed on equity of access and provincial-territorial governments must cover the prescribed conditions in order to qualify for federal cash contribution share (Health Canada 2013). The aged citizens suffer from poor health due to limited economic resources of accessing high quality health care services. Medicare is essential in attaining a health population thus it is essential for all prescribed conditions to be covered in order to improve health of aging citizens. It can be argued the quality of health care will determine the life expectancy in the society since high quality care enhances the ability of the aged people to stay an active life. It is the duty of Canada government to ensure that Medicare provides universal health care services without restriction on the cost of access. Medicare should be able to adequately manage all chronic diseases and enable the aged citizens live healthy through vaccines and medical tests. Medicare should facilitate the access to medical services without any financial barriers (McDonald 3). McDonald, M. â€Å"A framework for ethical decision-making: version 6.0 (ethics shareware). Web: Retrieved on 22nd, March 2013 from

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 21

Personal Statement Example I want to apply the ONE-YEAR MBA under the full-time MBA. The program is more different and useful to me when I decide to go further with my education. This program is the perfect opportunity for me to show off what makes me special, it is perfectly reasonable for the school to do the same. I want to change my major to MBA and this is on the basis of what I believe is best for me. The main reason for my MBA is so that I can get managerial skills. I took 2 internships before I studied my undergraduate. The reason I did was because of my father. He wanted to know what I wished to do and also how it would help everyone in the long run. That’s why I chose Finance major and Management Science Minor. In addition, during my study time, I took two banks internship at the Bank of China and Zaozhuang Bank to practice the learning from my major. After doing the internship at the bank, I want to know that what I had learnt, and also the knowledge that I need in order to improve the one I have. The third internship experience tells me what I need to learn in my graduating year, and makes me have a clear career goal (Stelzer, 1997). Ever since I was young, my parents challenged me to strive to achieve more in the future and I have always followed this up to date. To start with, my name is LI HUI and I am of the female gender. I was born in China and I have an undergraduate major in Finance. My undergraduate minor is management schience. I have been able to attend the University of Miami, QUFU University and also No. 1 High school of Tengzhou. I have had a number of internship experiences such as; being an intern in Hezhi Materials Trading Co. Ltd; Bank of China, Zaozhuang Bank and Weishan Xingda Materials Trading Co. Ltd. Throughout my internship, I have come to acquire some experiences such as identifying key performance indicators to inform and guide patron behavior and ultimately financial performance and also, the influence of police on the level of crime. In

Saturday, July 27, 2019

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama Essay

United States History, Reagan Revolution through President Obama - Essay Example This took place in the last period of 19th century and continued in the first decade of 21st century. During the Reagan, administration the most significant turning point was the policy saw the economic boom during his period and revival of America military strength. In administration after Reagan, there have been changes in foreign policy. In foreign policy, the administration has focused on terrorism (Schachter, 2012). This paper seeks to discuss events that were influential during Reagan Revolution through President Obama and the impact they have had on America society. From the time of Reagan revolution through president Obama administration, there have been outstanding historical turning points that revolutionized and transformed America. In time of Reagan, administration there was massive economic revival through tax reforms and a powerful arm race never seen in America history. Moreover, there was a reduction in money to the welfare programs and other forms of aids. The other historic turning points were a change in foreign policy that focused on war especially the gulf war propagated by the Bush administration, and war on terrorism. Moreover, this period saw heightened fight against terrorism. This happened especially after 1993 attack and 9/11 attack. This will remain forever in America history. ... These reforms included cut in federal personal income tax, deregulation policy, and comprehensive tax reforms. As a result, there was control on both banks and oil industries. Moreover, he lifted the ceiling on interest rates, and federal price control on airfares. The deregulation resulted in increased bank rate competition. Natural oil price rose as well as the production and this led to reduced reliance on foreign fuel. Airfare was also reduced drastically, but fares for short distances rose. Consequently, at the time of exit from office the America economy was at the highest peak for a long period after World War II. The rate of unemployment also reduced significantly. The economy growth was also first, and less inflation was experienced since the mid 1960’s (Digital History, n.d). In addition, Reagan administration reduced funding to social programs. He considered these programs to be promoting laziness, promiscuity, moral decadency and other forms of social ills. In cont rast, this led to upsurge in various social ills in society. There was increased rate of drug use than witnessed in United States history. Moreover, during this period there was increased number of diseases especially the Aids pandemic that killed many people in the world. His administration was incompetent in handling AIDS epidemic. In terms of arm race, there was double military spending during Regan administration. This was to reduce the threat posed by communism during the Cold War period. As a result, the influence of Russia was curtailed, and this led to the fall of communism. This led to America becoming a world superpower as it is today. (â€Å"How great was Ronald Reagan?† n.d). Reagan left the America stronger, more prosperous, and more confident than he found it. The fight

Friday, July 26, 2019

Marketing management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 4

Marketing management - Essay Example The governance body include the CEO and the board of directors. These individuals determine the organizational objectives and ensure that the firm is progressing towards the desired direction by constant monitoring and review. These stakeholders look after the revenue generation of the firm and the prospective areas of development. Employees: The employees are the work force of the company that helps the firm to achieve its organizational objectives. The employees of M&S are more concerned about how the organization is concerned about their welfare. The employees prefer to receive perks and privileges from the management which acts as a motivational determinant of their performance output. Investors: The investors are the external stakeholders who invest in the company in hope of better return. The investors are more concerned about the financial health of the company, as their return on investment is dependent on it. Moreover, the capital generation of the company is also dependent on the invested amount. The investors closely monitor the ups and downs of the firm and invest or withdraw their money accordingly. Customers: The customers are more concerned about the value proposition of the firm. They look for what M&S has to offer and how they will give them more value than its competitors. The growth of the company is also sought by the customers as it will determine the value addition of the company. Government: The government is concerned whether or not the company is running in accordance with the proper rules and regulations. The government also ensures that the company’s performance is helping to improve the economic conditions of the firm. The employee market sector can be divided in two particular segments, the primary and the secondary sector. The primary sector constitutes the jobs with long term tenure and the employees are motivated by the inclusion of

Thursday, July 25, 2019

DB 4 Carminsl Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

DB 4 Carminsl Justice - Essay Example To that end, significant research is being conducted to find out ‘what works’ to end the cycle of recidivism. In recent years, various strategies have been tried. During the next ten years we must capitalize on what we have learned, and use the hard-earned tax-payer money that we are spending in ways that will be both cost-beneficial and socially responsible. (Maurer, Susan L. 2001). Crime control must be examined in relation to the community roots of social problems like poverty, unemployment, drugs, and inadequate housing. Penal reform should be planned in relation to societal reform in areas like education, economic opportunity and racial equality. We need a new paradigm for sentencing and corrections. The continued reliance on imprisonment is costing society a tremendous amount of money, wasting lives, and doing little to prepare offenders to be successful in the community. To face these challenges, three steps should be taken: 1) Create a task-force to examine corrections. 2) Study the problems. 3) Prepare an action-oriented strategic development plan, to ensure that critical problems will be addressed. Among the basic theories relating to criminal justice and its relation to individual rights and social control, is community justice or restorative justice. Restorative justice is future-oriented, focuses on restoration for the victim and society, and is less expensive for the taxpayer. Victims have historically been left out of the criminal justice process. Only recently have programs been started to assist victims and ensure that their voices are heard throughout the process. Also, taxpayers do not have to spend large amounts of money to punish and incarcerate non-violent offenders, who represent little risk to their communities. Restorative justice emphasizes that they should â€Å"make right† the harm that they

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Perspectives on Organisational Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Perspectives on Organisational Change - Essay Example Structural/Functional Perspective: Firstly, the structural/functional perspective grew from the age of industrialism. This was a time of modernism where defined inputs equalled to defined outputs. The total was the sum of the parts. Cause was based on effect; measurement was a rigid and mathematical science that was believed could properly define every level of an organisation. During this period of modernism, the ideas of people such as Henry Ford and others helped to further regiment the organisation and labour processes that helped to define them. As Grieves states, â€Å"(Functionalism) was able to look at an organisation as a control mechanism: that is to say, to understand the important structural components and to articulate the functional interrelationships between he parts...because it is a model for controlling operations, this model is therefore mechanistic. It tends to ignore the motivations, behaviours, attitudes, and values that contribute to effective performance† (Grieves, 2010). As such, this approach, born out of rationalism, defined the unit as a sum of its component parts. This extremely scientific and methodical approach tended to miss the mark with regards to who and what actually made up the backbone of an organisation. Such thinking is doubtless one of the causal factors that made institutions such as the League of Nations such short-lived experiments. Doubtless, there is a distinct need for exactness and measurability when analyzing the inner workings of industry. ... It tends to ignore the motivations, behaviours, attitudes, and values that contribute to effective performance† (Grieves, 2010). As such, this approach, born out of rationalism, defined the unit as a sum of its component parts. This extremely scientific and methodical approach tended to miss the mark with regards to who and what actually made up the backbone of an organisation. Such thinking is doubtless one of the causal factors that made institutions such as the League of Nations such short-lived experiments. Doubtless, there is a distinct need for exactness and measurability when analyzing the inner workings of industry. This is not to say that there is no place for such regimentation and cold precision; however, this type of analysis is dangerous in that it does not take into account the human factor at any level whatsoever. At its core, any organisation, any unit, any work group is comprised of people; as such, it only stands to reason that by completely ignoring the effec ts that the individual will have on any process or change dynamic, one is in danger of oversimplifying the organisation as a sum of its mechanistic parts (Kotter, 2012). As such, sole use of the functional/structural perspective will likely lead to an oversimplification of the organisation and will result in faulty and/or incomplete information being relayed back to the management. Indeed, the text states the following concerning the functional/structural perspective: â€Å"Structural theory assumes that organisations are amenable to change – because organisations are rational and should seek to better themselves and achieve their objectives† (Grieves, 2010). Due to the very nature of change, the known effects of culture, the very real threat of resistance to change within an organisation,

An evaluation of the planning and delivery of nursing care. Acute Essay

An evaluation of the planning and delivery of nursing care. Acute management of patient with NSTEMI - Essay Example In the United States, every year, approximately 5.3 million patients present to the ED with chest discomfort and related symptoms and nearly about 1.4 individuals are hospitalized for unstable angina and Non ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI) (Cannon & O’Gara 2006). On the same context, in 2000 it was estimated that 1.4 million people in England suffer from angina. 300,000 of which have heart attacks, and it is estimated that more than 110,000 die every year. Although much has improved in terms of treatment and modalities when it comes to cardiac problems and the mortality from cardiovascular causes has declined still the numbers that hit the scale will always remain as a basis for improving programs against coronary artery disease and myocardial infarctions (The National Clinical Guideline Centre 2010). However, the number of people admitted with NSTEMI ACS has shown less of a decline and the management of these conditions remains a high priority (The National Clinical Guideline Centre 2010). The healthcare delivery system is designed to address the growing health problems of the population is a systematic procedure and nurses play an important role on the lead in the promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of health of people. In the concept of this paper the role of the nurse will be given much focus as an evaluative tool in the planning and the delivery of nursing care to NSTEMI patients from the perceived onset, the course of the disease and the rehabilitative phase. With this Nurses’ play an important role as health guide that improve the totality of patient outcome for better prognosis and continuous recovery. NSTEMI: Overview and Understanding the disease According to Anderson et al. (2007), NSTEMI constitute a clinical syndrome subset of Acute Coronary Syndrome that is usually caused by Cardiovascular Atherosclerotic Disease and is associated with increased risk of cardiac death and subsequent myocardial infarction. It is defined by the electrocardiograph ic ST segment depression or prominent T wave inversion and positive biomarkers of necrosis in the absence of ST-segment elevation and in an appropriate clinical setting such as chest discomfort (Anderson et al. 2007; Kalra et al. 2008). Acute coronary syndrome starts when platelet aggregates clump together and forms a thrombi from a ruptured arteriosclerotic plaque. Once the clot occludes the vessels for more than 20 minutes, the myocardial tissue becomes necrotic due to the occlusion (Smeltzer et al. 2009; White et al. 2012). Due to this the heart will not be able to pump enough blood to vital organs and tissues leading to shock and eventually death. Chest pain in NSTEMI lasts longer and is more severe than the pain of unstable angina and can lasts for 15 minutes if not treated with rest or nitro-glycerine. The pain may or may not radiate to the arm, neck, back or epigastric area and may also experience dyspnoea, diaphoresis, nausea, and dizziness (Jevon et al. 2008). Women experie ncing ACS may experience misleading symptoms of indigestion, palpitations, nausea, numbness in the hands, and fatigue rather than chest pain (Overbaugh 2009) The US Department of Health & Human Services (2010)

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

A Road to Life Movie Summary Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

A Road to Life Movie Summary - Essay Example The movie concentrates upon the activities of the orphan children, who are kept and looked after with proper care and concern in a rehabilitation camp. The movie shows that the camp commission provides them with comforts and trains them to learn various technical skills under an affectionate, nurturing and congenial environment, which is helpful for the socialization of the orphan boys; as a result a large number of boys learn how to behave like civilized persons while interacting with other members of society. Nevertheless, two of the boys keep on deviating from the rules and regulations, and commit the crimes, which create much disturbance and annoyance in the locality. It clearly demonstrates the bitter fact that there certainly exist some people in every society, which have natural inclination towards committing crimes.Since it was the age of black and white films, the director has sought support from shades, shadows and dark colors. For instance, the evening and night scenes of the camp life have been supported with the same techniques. Moreover, being the first sound film, the director has also applied the written words on the screen in order to demonstrate various areas and situations going to be displayed in the movie. The words appear on the screen in order to guide the audience in respect of the location, where the specific part of movie is being established. In addition, close and remote camera skills can also be witnessed in order to show distance between different characters. and objects and places as well. Establishing shot technique has been exercised in Zighan’s catching the shoes stolen by the deviant boy at the railway station. In addition, close up technique has been applied in order to reveal the face expressions and body language of the characters. The film takes the audience from one place to the other through the wonderful application of cross-cuts technique. For instance, the scene showing the main characters standing and wanderin g at the railway st

Monday, July 22, 2019

The reasons for stalemate on the Western Front Essay Example for Free

The reasons for stalemate on the Western Front Essay WW1 started as a war of quick lightning thrusts and high mobility, but degenerated into an astonishingly protracted war of static battle lines. The Western Front was the name given to the line of trenches stretching from the Belgium coast to Verdun. Following the Battle of Marne and Aisne of 1914, both sides dug in believing trenches to be temporary. The Front stretched for hundreds of miles, meshed with complex trench systems and barbed wire. Why Stalemate The military plans (Schlieffen, XVII) had established a strict war by timetable. However, aside from the quick mobilisation of nations, the plans failed. They were proved to be useless as modern warfare removed the momentum from conflict. A poverty of strategic thought led to the stalemate. Both the British and French commanders were afflicted by the cult of the offensive. French generals Joffre and Nivelle were obsessed with the philosophy of esprit de corps mass infantry charges (a reluctance to charge was linked to defeatism). The British generals shared this outlook, as is superlatively demonstrated by Haigs Big Push. The aim to engage the enemy and bleed them proved successful in the end, however it needed time over years to prove so. The supremacy of defence due to technology helped prolong the war. WW1 was the first total war- a conflict between highly industrialized economies and militaries. Factories churned out ammunition; mass shells and people from both sides were conscripted. Barbed wire, machine guns, gas and rifles held out enemy advances. The absence of super weapons such as the tank and bomber were not yet developed and thus failed to counter these defensive tactics. The ability of the machine gun was equivalent to half a company of riflemen. Thus, sides were able to repel the enemy with relative ease. The Somme illuminates the verity of the artilleries misjudgements. A massive  8-day bombardment of the Germans did very little, with 1/3 of the shells failing to explode. This also suggests the effectiveness of dugouts. The German dugouts were up to 8 metres deep, thus very few shells hit the troops. Technology of mass transit systems also prolonged the war. Railroads and roads were used to bring ammunition and troops quickly to the front, to restock losses. Added to the unwillingness of generals to follow up on small victories, this led to neither side being outweighed by the other. Attempts to break the stalemate Both sides attempted to end the war quickly, however many of these strategies did the opposite. The development of tanks, gas and aerial support all served the purpose of shortening the war. Both the Battle of the Somme and Verdun represent the respective mass pushes to topple the enemy. However the Somme was left unchecked despite the huge casualties. Generals were set to sacrifice troops, and time for eventual strategic victory. The 1917 Battle of Cambrai also illustrates the successful use of the tank to mobilise the war. Entente tanks pushed through the German lines, giving an indication of how future battles would be fought. Total war- the attempt of both sides to sink all efforts to the waging of war, was for the purposes of breaking the stalemate. Troops were conscripted en masse, while an economic war was being fought. The naval blockades helped starve the enemy.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Analysis of the Global Tire Business

Analysis of the Global Tire Business I. Company Analysis 1. Basic Overview The January 2010 issue of Modern Tire Dealer magazine published the 2009 sales data for the global tire industry, and Hankook Tire placed seventh on the list for the fourth consecutive year since 2006. Sales have grown an average of 13.9 percent annually for the past decade, bringing the cumulative rate to 133 percent for the period. More than 70 percent of the revenue is earned outside Korea. 2. Financial Overview Hankook Tire Co. posted improved 2010 earnings year-on-year with its net profit reaching 424.8 billion won ($381 million) last year, up 21.1% from 350.8 billion won a year earlier. The overall global increase has come on the back of â€Å"brisk sales in both domestic and overseas markets.† Sales jumped 19.3% to 3.35 trillion won, and operating profit rose 5.5% to 367.5 billion won. In a separate statement, the company said its consolidated sales, including figures from its overseas operations, reached 5.36 trillion won last year with operating profit coming to 585.8 billion won. According to the annual report the company is targeting 6.06 trillion won in global sales in 2011. 3. Organization Structure Hankook tires organizational structure is matrix structure. Under Global CEO, there are Global Staff (Head quarter by functional Division) and Regional Headquarters (Head quarter by Geographical Division). Both Functional division and Geographical division have the same level of Structure in Global CEO [ Table 1-1 ] Under Global CEO Sourced by Hankook Tires annual report, 2010 Global distribution network consists of four regional headquarters and 80 subsidiaries sales offices and its products are sold worldwide in about 180 countries. 4. SWOT Analysis Strengths Overall, a good financial statement A positive brand recognition on the world market (high quality + low price) A healthy labor-management relations The worlds major tire factory and the proper distribution channels to market demand, building Weaknesses Low investment than expected in the industry (Total asset increase, non-current ratio lower than industry average) RE market is relatively weak compared to the OE market Opportunities Domestic auto demand increases due to tax credited for old vehicles and hybrid vehicles. After the global financial crisis, global tire price competitiveness is getting higher. Chinas tire market increases due to chinas auto market growth Threats From 2009, the prices of natural rubber and synthetic rubber (raw material prices due to the high price elasticity) is rapidly rising II.Industry Business Analysis 1. Industry Environment analysis The global tire market accounted for approximately US $140 billion and 1.25 billion volumes in 2008, according to Research in Tire. While the worldwide tire industry is still largely driven by the well-known multinational companies (in size order); Sales amount of Bridgestone, Michelin and Goodyear are 46% of total sales for top 75 ranked companies (2008 years). Sales portion (of world top 11th to 7th Tire companies) increased to 31% in 2008 compared to 20% in 1998. Its because the subsequent tire companies based on the high growing market such as China, Taiwan, India, and Russia are getting larger. On the other hand, the sales portion of 3 Korean companies in the world market steadily increase in 2010s and have taken 5~6% from 2006 year. Tire Industry has the entry barrier such as huge a capital injection, technology competition, brand establishment, and distribution channel, so it is formed as oligopoly in each nation. But top raking companies has the competitive in major market of North-America and Europe. This market is divided into following basic categories: OE (Original Equipment) which providing to Car manufacturing companies, and RE (Replacement Equipment) which providing to tire distribution. RE market size is 3~4 times bigger than OE market. Compared to OE sales which are affected by the volume of car production, RE has stable consumption market in proportion to the registered number of car and average operating mileage of car. [ Table 2-1 ] World Major Tire Companies 2. Competitor analysis 1) Michelin Strengths 100 years of tradition with the highest international brand awareness and increase reliability, high technology based on more than 10% of homeopathic products are highly priced. Michelin recently after driving it to the driver of a flat tire platform developed by us after a run on the world market has raised more than 2%. By successful overseas, and currently has 57 global offices with two thirds of the total production is done overseas. Weaknesses Michelins new products are released once every two years. This once in six months compared to other companies to launch new products launched at longer intervals tends to slow the market responsive. 2) Kumho Tires Strengths Color tires, aircraft tires, racing tires, passenger tires, truck and bus tires, industrial tires, and a variety of excellent products and sell to the general consumer confidence and job-oriented consumers are demanding. In addition, through the diversification of high-performance products to market is increasing grip. In addition, the current four car race competition among the three has been supplied by Kumho Tire. Weaknesses Car racing is not an active participant in the company as an official support is simple, has done. Also entered the Chinese market early in the shift is not performed correctly, but not localization, market share is very low. 3) Nexen Strengths Based on stable labor-management relations for 3 consecutive years of financial tire manufacturer has the best financial structure. In addition, the price is so competitive. Weaknesses Both low technologies value-added market shares due to the low productivity focused mainly the domestic market. But overseas sales by focusing on profitability are difficult to expect. III. International Business Strategy Analysis 1. Ideal International Business Strategy Analysis Pressure for global integration Globalization of markets: Basic needs of customers are not quite different globally. The convergence of customers for an automobile tire makes tires makers go global. Tire industry has similarities in products, customers, and even operating structures. The objectives of tire makers are mainly how to focus on minimal costs and maximum value. Globalization of production: Standardization of tire drives the globalization of market. Since tire industry is typical the manufacturing industry, it can benefit from economies of scale and cluster effects at specific locations such as Hungary aiming European market. Pressure for local responsiveness Customer divergence: Customer and country divergence are middle due to following reasons. Since a tire is complementary goods of an automobile, a tire market is strongly affected by an automobile market. In developed countries, there is no big pressure for local responsiveness because economic conditions and infra structures for a tire market are quite similar. However, in developing countries such as BRICs the gap between rich and poor are wide and road conditions are very different. It means that Hankook tire has to figure out what the customers want. Host government policies: A tire industry is perfectly related to an automobile industry and many local companies try to enter its home and expand their business. Therefore, host government such as China might be sensitive and hostile to foreign company. Therefore, it might be a good way for Hankook tire to choose Global Strategy or Transnational Strategy. 2. What Hankook Tire did? 5 RD Centers: Korea, U.S.A, Germany, China, Japan 5 Factories: Korea (2 factories), China (2 factories), Hungary 4 Regional headquarters and 80 subsidiaries Sales office Sold its products to 164 countries Hankook Tire is steadily improving its image as a premium brand through  aggressive global marketing and continuous research and development efforts. 3. Hankook Tires entry to other countries Internationalization Phase and Entering Countries 1) Beginning phase (1981-1998) Established Hankook Tire America Corporation (1981) Established its Beijing branch in China (1994) Established Europe Technical Center (ETC) (1996) Established China Technical Center (CTC) (1998) 2) Expansion phase (1999-present) Completed Jiangsu and Jiaxing Plant in China (1999) Opened Europe Distribution Center (EDC) in the Netherlands(2001) Hungary Plant begins production (2007) 100 millionth tire produced in China (2007) Detailed information by main countries 1) China A. Objectives of Internalization To create demand in the fast growing market with high infinite potential Expand its tire business in China with increasing automobile industry B. Consideration for Site Selection Economic: Continuous double digit growth. Explosion of middle-high income consumers Social/Political: Communist country geared toward open policy. Easy to enter due to its similarity to Korea in terms of social, cultural and geographical aspect Tire Industry: World largest tire manufacturing company (over 337 million yearly, *source -Tire Business), World highest growth rate on domestic market sales C. Entry Mode Founded Beijing branch in 1994 and exported Establishment of Joint-Venture with Chinese Company which is located in Jiangsu and had a good relationship with them Established China Technical Center in 1998 and completed Jiangsu and Jiaxing plant in 1999 Expansion of distribution channel in 10 major cities Roll-out of TStation one-stop auto service concept in Shanghai in 2007 Operating 40 TStations and 400 Tire Towns in China D. Outcome Recorded 20% of market share which is 1st in China and 1.4 trillion won of sales revenue in 2010 Supplied its products to more than 30 automobile companies in Chinese market such as Volkswagen, PEUGEOT, Ford and NISSAN [ Table 3-1 ] Hook Tires ability of production and plan for expansion Home Abroad Total Plan for expansion 4,300 China: 2,800 7,600 Build additional factories in Hungary (+500) Hungary: 500 Establish 3th factory in China and 1st one in Indonesia Making a plan to produce 110 million a year until 2014 Sourced by Hankook tires IR 2) Hungary A. Objectives of Internalization Cost Reduction for Distribution and Manufacturing Hungary is a good place for first foray before expanding its entry into Western Europe countries B. Consideration for Site Selection Economic: Risk minimization of current exchange rate among EU countries Social/Political: Reduction of possible trading disputes and not imposing antidumping tariffs among EU countries Tire Industry: Europe is taking 30% of world tire market C. Entry mode Established of Europe Technical Center in 1996 and began Hungary Plant in 2007 Decided to build additional two more factories in 2010 to be able to manufacture 12 million per year 4. Evaluation and key learning from previous case The tire industry is multinational in nature; therefore, production plants are situated in virtually every geographic region, particularly in North America, Europe, Japan, other Asian countries. Strategic supplies of natural rubber integral to the production of certain OTR tires are situated near the equator in many of the Asian countries, including Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, India, and China. Large global tire plants in many regions of the world have the capability to produce a variety of tires including passenger car, truck and bus, and certain OTR tires, variably dependent upon logistics, demand, and affiliation. In this competitive industry, Most of Hankook tires international business turned out to be sustainable. Especially, the success in Chinese market is meaningful in respect of Hankook tire has been leading other competitors with high quality strategy operating Tire Town and differentiation strategy managing premium store TStation. The next step was to expand its market to Europe, America, and other countries. To be successful in these new markets as they did in China, Hankook tire should analyze the target market thoroughly and implement appropriate strategies optimized to each market. IV. Companys TO-BE Analysis 1. Should Hankook Tire really go to global market? As shown above, Hankook Tire has been tried to expand their business to global for a long time and seems to place good position in China market. With the effort, the company shows possibility to be a global big player with competitiveness. Thus, they need to keep their global strategy and to expand global business further. Before the expansion, however, Hankook Tire should scrutinize below questions. What are the core competitive points of Hankook Tire? What were the key success factors of Hankook Tire for China market? Is the success factors are applicable to other markets such as Europe and America? 2. Does Hankook Tire still have the chance globally? Most of all, the critical success factor of globalization of Hankook Tire is successful penetration into China market based on competitive price with better quality, preoccupancy, and well-established brand value. Tire industry has been threatened sharp rising of the price of raw materials and it results short-term shortfall of profitability. Global top-tier players are suffering from the situation of increasing price of natural rubber under lower demand of tires and do not show sufficient capacity to prepare for business recovery. Whereas, Hankook Tire maintains relatively higher profitability than other global top-tier competitors and it may give good opportunity for the company to be grown by ‘survivor effect. Moreover, the good profit structure makes Hankook Tire offer good suggestion to dealers. There is no doubt that it is the right time for Hankook 3. Our suggestions Hankook Tire ranked 1st place of PCR (passenger car radials) with 30% market share in China, which is one of the biggest potentials, and marked 7th in worldwide tire market. However, strong global competitors are continuously expanding their investments in China market and thus the competition is getting much fiercer. Furthermore, the price of raw materials is going up and it does deteriorate the operation profit. Therefore, we would like to suggest three strategic pillars for Hankook tire to acquire competitive edge of global competition and to explore new chance for the growth as below. 1) Reinforcement of the leadership in Emerging market focusing on China Aggressive penetration and expansion strategy of Hankook Tire for emerging markets is most appropriate to broaden the gap with following competitors at this point. Enhance competitiveness in Original Equipment (OE) tire market through strategic alliance with one of the big automobile companies such as Hyundai-Kia motors which is the 2nd player of China automobile industry. Preoccupy upcoming explosive market of Replacement Equipment (RE) tire through technology driven, value added products such as UHP(Ultra High Performance) Expand T station business, a new distribution channel which makes high profitability through direct sales to consumer, provides highly qualified service and image, and enables CRM. Develop localized tire products considering Chinese specific culture, weather, and economics. For example, customized tires for reckless driving and overloading vehicles. Diversify product portfolio from tires for PCR to bus, truck, and light trucks. 2) Expansion of growth opportunity in Developed market such as America US market registered cars are 250 million and among this newly producing car only shares 13 millions. It is the biggest RE tire market preferring premium brands. Hankook Tire started to export 1986 and 2010 sales revenue reached US$ 1billion. Market share of Korean tire companies in US market gradually increased from 2.5% in 2000 to 8.9% in 2009. It is primarily driven by increased preference to Korean brands of US dealers. Korean brands demonstrate significant higher market shares than wholesalers distribution rate and it provides the dealers higher profit. Moreover, top-tier players still maintain oligopoly but decrepit facilities and inefficient cost structure let disappear advantages of local production. Closing of the factories decreases capability of production in US and thus the amount of export tends to increase continuously. Lastly, as US government adopted a protectionist stance as evidenced by the imposition of an additional 35% safeguard tariff on Chinese-made tires, Hank ook Tire should handle the rapidly changing business environment with appropriate countermeasures at the right time. To leverage the above opportunities, we would suggest expanding the business with premium tires based on local production and efficient supply chain management (SCM), getting competitive edge in North and South American area. Build a new factory in Mexico and produce two separate line products; Mexico has several advantages as supplying headquarter for North and South America: Free trade with US, lowest labor cost among North America countries, and geographic advantage for effective supply between North and South America. Two separate line products may satisfy different needs of the customers: technology-driven, premium tires for North America and cost effective, low price tire for South America. Accelerate market penetration taking advantage of relatively high profitability. Hankook Tire should expand Original Equipment (OE) tire sales and distribution channels because OE lasts averagely five years before replacement and around half have a tendency to keep their original brand in the timing of replacement. If Hankook Tire has an advantage on production of functional OE tires or distribution with aggressive investment under depressed tire market, allied with major automobile companies such as Ford which already established cooperation, it would be good chance to make a new leap forward as one of the big global players in tire industry. 3) International business management for long-term competitiveness For the long-term success of global business for Hankook Tire, our team suggests that high global efficiency and high local responsiveness be needed as strategic alternatives for international strategy Achieve economies of scale on the long term point of view. Due to the nature of the tire industry, the economies of scale with high foreign investment with extensive coordination would be effective way to strengthen the long-term competitiveness. Secure global scale efficiency through the localization Since 2009, Hungarian plant has achieved to save the short-term logistic costs and shorten the delivery period from 2-3 weeks to 2-3 days. And also enhanced market recognition in Europe. This is good example to have raised the market share through the localization. To build the next-planed Indonesia and China plant may helpful to strengthen long term competitiveness. Decentralization Strategy by ongoing training program for local people. Trained local people could take the initiative to enhance not only the production efficiency and quality but also the sales. Thus, training program for local makes to strengthen the long term competitiveness

Immunisation Infection Disease

Immunisation Infection Disease Immunisation has been continually confirmed in both research trials and in the field to be one of the most successful medical interventions we have to avert disease. As Mims et al (2004: 513) outlines, the rationale of immunisation is simple: to provoke a primed status so that on initial contact with the applicable infection a quick and successful secondary immune response will be induced, leading to the avoidance of disease. A vital part of immunisation programs is the production of ‘herd immunity-that is an increase in the populations overall immunity status to the point that successful transmission cannot occur due to a lack of susceptible individuals. According to Rogers et al (1995), opposition in this field arose as early as the 19th century when vaccination was first introduced in Europe. There were instant objections on religious grounds and doubts about the effectiveness of vaccines were also articulated along with the rights of the individual to refuse immunisation. P resent-day objections to mass child immunisation reverberate these early apprehensions. Below an overview is given of the sociological factors associated with non or under immunised children in developed countries. How these factors combine to explain this immunisation status is additionally discussed along with suggestions of potential efforts to increase immunisation uptake rates. A number of studies (Brynley et al 2001 Turner et al 2003) conducted in developed countries have identified many sociological factors that are associated with low immunisation uptake among children. Primarily these factors include unemployment, low or high maternal education, single parent status, overseas birth or late birth order and low socio-economic status. In addition to these primary factors other reasons for reduced immunisation uptake are associated with immunisation myths, inadequate service provision or access, child gender/age, late commencement of immunisation and maternal mental instability. A childs low immunisation status may be the result of one or a combination of the above interacting factors. There are a variety of myths circulating in the community with regards to immunisation. Begg and Nicoll(1994) noted some common myths that include: â€Å"a child with allergies should not be immunised, children taking antibiotics shouldnt be vaccinated and immunisation is now unnecessary.† Although most myths have a tangible basis with traceable origins all myths should be disregarded on scientific grounds. According to Begg and Nicoll most immunisation myths emerge due to the ignorance of health professionals compounded by the propagation of conflicting material. The media has been quick to take advantage of the professions ignorance, predominantly where there are questionsabout the risks coupled with immunisation. Hall (2001) thus puts forward that parents who are unresolved about child vaccination may receive medical advice which is uncertain, while receiving from those in opposition to immunisation strongly argued and seemingly well researched information. A great deal of the controversy surrounding immunisation appeals to parents deep-founded regard for the wellbeing of their children and their trepidation principally of injections. Hall also suggested that parents may have difficulty in conveying their concerns to health professionals, and these concerns may induce parents to lean towards arguments against immunisation. Such arguments endow parents who have immunisation reservations with rationale to oppose vaccinating of their children. Low education can greatly disadvantage a mother making decisions concerning immunisation. Forrest et al (1998) mentioned that such a mother may not be able to read or properly comprehend vaccination information and thus not base decisions regarding their infants health on scientific evidence. The parental response therefore to a childs immediate distress may outweigh their attitude towards future benefits from vaccination. Those struggling due to a language barrier, particularly migrants and those of ethnic origin may also encounter similar difficulties. Conversely Rogers et al (1995) explains that people with high education usually choose to oppose vaccination for other reasons. These parents rational is multifaceted being deduced from a mixture of world views held about healing, the environment, holism and responsibilities of parenting combined with the reading of scientific and alternative literature which cast doubts on the effectiveness of immunisation. Lack of education may also be a barrier to individuals who are unemployed or of low socio-economic status (SES) due to the above reasons. As evident in a study conducted by Li and Taylor (1993), this may be further compounded by low financial position. With a high proportion of the unemployed or those of low SES living in temporary housing, especially in inner city districts, it may be hard for health professionals to keep track of immunisation records and provide reminders about necessary appointments. Those with low income as described by Hull et al (2001) may also not have use of a vehicle making it difficult to access immunisation services; this is a particular problem for those who live in rural areas and can lead to incomplete immunisation in infants. Children from large families and of late birth order or those of single parents have also been found by studies conducted by Hull et al (2001) and Li and Taylor (1993), to have lower immunisation uptake. Hull et al noted that single parents may encounter greater difficulties in both organising periods off work and have monetary limitations that increase the difficulty in accessing immunisation services. Likewise as discussed by Li and Taylor, parents with many children may find it hard to access immunisation services due to busy schedules or transportation issues. Moreover parents of large families may have had previous adverse immunisation experiences with elder siblings and thus their caution or opposition to vaccination is reflected in the lack of immunisation among younger siblings. Harrington et al (2000) suggested that adverse immunisation experiences are associated with the combination of crammed clinics, long waiting times, inconvenient hours and trouble acquiring an appointm ent. Additionally many mothers undergo emotional distress due to the knowledge that they are party to the pain inflicted on their infant as a result of vaccination. This perhaps is integrated in the opinion articulated by some parents that health centre immunisation is intolerably forceful and callous due to the lack of compassion shown by health professionals; with evidence revealed in the study conducted by Harington et al, that mothers prefer to have their infant vaccinated by general practitioner, in a ratio of >4:1, with the pre-existing relationship helpful during immunisation visits. A study conducted on factors associated with low immunisation uptake (Hull et al 2001) also demonstrated a strong association between late immunisation commencement and low overall immunisation uptake. A late commencement of immunisation may echo a parents attitude to vaccination or reflect a lack of knowledge regarding immunisation as a whole or its schedule. Hull et al also noted that illness is the primary cause for late commencement with many parents believing that there is an increased risk coupled to vaccination during this time. The decision to vaccinate may be further confused by dissenting personal attitudes towards vaccination. Similarly a study conducted by Turner et al (2003) found that women suffering from mental health problems including depression and anxiety, several months after birth were between 3 and 5 times more likely to have commenced the immunisation schedule late or not at all. Mothers with mental instability may find the seemingly normal tasks associated wit h motherhood difficult. With the maintenance of a normal day a challenge the importance of immunisation may be decreased. Gender can also affect immunisation uptake however as illustrated by Markuzzi et al (1997), this is dependant on the specific disease to which vaccination may confer protection. For example Markuzzi et al noted that in the UK it has until recently been considered that boys do not require vaccination against rubella. Therefore the live attenuated vaccine was only administered to adolescent girls to protect them from developing the disease while pregnant and transmitting it to the foetus resulting in congenital rubella syndrome. Consent is an additional problem which may affect vaccination rates, especially for overseas visitors or those from minority ethnic groups who may not understand the language of the country in which they now reside. Even with parental consent (Forrest et al 1998) a child cannot be vaccinated unless they are willing. Vandermeulen et al 2007 notes that adolescents are particularly hard age group to reach as many have a poor perception of risk leading to a greater fear of the initial pain of immunisation than the associated disease. Deferral of appointments for seemingly inadequate reasons such as social commitments also hinders this age bracket. Although in Australia national immunisation coverage levels may surpass 90 percent (Childhood Immunisation Coverage 2007), there is a considerably lower level of protection among certain subgroups of the population. These pockets of under vaccinated individuals make the population susceptible to major outbreaks. As further suggested by Childhood Immunisation Coverage, monitoring the coverage at smaller geographic levels helps ensure that these impending pockets of children are recognised by target interventions and decrease the threat of potential disease outbreaks. Additional efforts to boost immunisation rates in the community should thus focus on increasing service accessibility. As recommended by Forrest et al (1998) and Li and Taylor (1993) this could be achieved via facilitating immunisation session times that parents find easy to attend, the use of mobile vans or other home vaccination methods and the provision of opportunistic immunisations when children appear at hospitals, general practices or health clinics for different reasons. Moreover Li and Taylor also note that attempts should be made to enhance the services provided by health care clinics by the extension of crà ¨che facilities for siblings and the continual education of health providers. This education should focus upon details concerning new vaccinations and current circulatory immunization myths, including there rebuttal. As advised by Harrington et al 2000, health practitioners should also be further encouraged to listen and treat parents concerns seriously . In addition to the education of health practitioners, efforts to increase immunisation uptake should include community education. Enhanced community immunisation education could be achieved, as suggested by Harrington et al, by the increased provision of information packages that are culturally appropriate in a variety of languages to expectant mothers.Furthermore television campaigns depicting children with various diseases could co unteract various immunisation myths by forcing parents to understand to painful reality of potential outbreaks as a result of vaccination opposition. In addition to the above, Turner et al (2003) notes that postnatal strategies aimed at increasing mother psychosocial health should better their immunisation patterns for their infants. As a public health measure, immunisation has had a significant role in decreasing the burden of disease. It is of public health concern to increase immunisation uptake rates, as this decreases the possibility of disease transmission, and hence complications arising from infectious disease outbreaks. It is therefore vital that equity is aspired to via efforts to increase vaccination rates among target subgroups that are affected by the sociological factors discussed above. Bibliography (1-11) 1.A Markuzzi US, R Weitkunat and G Meyer Measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccination rates in Munich school-beginners. Sozial-und Praventivmedizin. 1997;42(3):1. 2.A Rogers DP, I Guest, D Stone and P Menzel. The Pros and Cons of Immunisation. Health Care Analysis. 1995;3:100-4. 3.B Hull PMaGS. Factors associated with low uptake of measles and pertussis vaccines- an ecologic study based on the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health. 2001;25(5):405-10. 4.C Mims HD, R Goering, I Roitt, D Wakelin and M Zuckerman. Medical Microbiology. Mosby, editor.: Mosby-Year Book Europe; 2004. 5.C Turner FBaPOR. Mothers health post-partum and their patterns of seeking vaccination for their infants. International Journal of Nursing Practice. 2003;9(2):120. 6.C Vandermeulen MR, H Theeten, P Van Damme and K Hoppenbrouwers. Vaccination coverage and sociodemographic determinants of measles-mumps-rubella vaccination in three different age groups. European Journal of Pediatrics. 2007:103-8. 7.Hall R. Myths and Realities: Responding to arguments against immunisation. In: Care CDHA, editor. third ed; 2001. p. 1-3. 8.Hull B. Childhood Immunisation Coverage. 2007 [updated 2007; cited]; Available from: http://www.ncirs.usyd.edu.au/research/r-acir-3rdquart.html. 9.J Forrest MBaPM. Factors influencing vaccination uptake. Current Australian research on the behavioural, social and demographic factors influencing immunisation; 1998; Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children. 1998. p. 1-2. 10.Nicoll NBaA. Myths in Medicine: Immunisation. Journal [serial on the Internet]. Date. 11.P Harrington CWaFS. Low immunisation uptake: Is the process the problem? J Epidemial Community Health. 2000(54):394 400.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

The Effects Of Violence In Media On Society Today Essay -- essays rese

Is societies violence the media’s fault? This is the question that has been asked since before television was in every American’s house. Of course there are the different types of media today ranging from newspapers, to on-line reports and stories. There have been arguments upon arguments about this issue, and over 3,000 studies conducted. Unfortunately there isn’t one single result, there is only an array of supposed answers to this undying question. CBS president, Howard Stringer is pointing to a different scapegoat for society’s violence. â€Å"I come from a country †¦ that puts a lot of American movies on and has more graphic violence within it’s live drama on the BBC than anywhere else, and there is a lot less violence in the United Kingdom than there is here. There are 200 million guns in America, and that has a lot to do with violence.† He feels it has to do with gun control, which others have suggested. But there are so many violent acts, that one can’t focus on the guns, just like one can’t focus on the media. David Phillips, one of the men we discuss later put it perfectly, â€Å"It’s like watching rain fall on a pond and trying to figure out which drop causes which ripple.†There have been many studies conducted on the effects of violence on children, and on the effects on society as a whole. There have been about 3,000 studies performed on this topic. Two of the most prolific studies were the UCLA Television Violence Monitoring Report, and the Mediascope, Inc. test sponsored by the National Cable Television Association. Of course there were many other studies done, but these made headlines because of their results. The UCLA study focused on all of the television media, and discovered some interesting facts from their study. Prime Time Series raised the least concern. Theatrical films raised more concern and had a lot more violence. The Saturday morning cartoons had mixed reviews. 23% of the cartoons raised concern, but that was only rating the most popular cartoons: Mighty Morphin Power Rangers, X-Men, etc. They termed the action in cartoons as â€Å"Sinister Combat Violence† which basically means the whole story line leads to violence.Mediascope, Inc. focused on the amount and context on cable, effectiveness of rating systems and parental advisories, and the success of anti-violent messages. They found that perpetrators go unpunished in 73% of all viole... ...ciety. And when we read about violence, it only reinforces what we know.† People have become used to seeing violence on television, but this has become somewhat surreal to them. They don’t think of it as reality until it happens to them. â€Å"When violence happens to people or their family, they become eyewitnesses to this violence. They have personal experiences – compassion sensitivity, fear. People haven’t lost that.†We have covered a huge amount of information about the effect of violence in media on society. Did we answer the question though? I don’t think we did, but I do think that the answer is making progress. We are also a lot more informed now of what exactly is in the media right now, and what studies have shown to be happening. There has always been an issue of something effecting society, and there will always be a plentitude of scapegoats. What is the actual answer though? No one seems to have it. There is a lot of gray area, but society seems to be making this more of a black and white issue. Will the government ever really take action? Does action need to be taken? Hopefully after reading this, one is more educated on the difficulty in answering these questions.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Neve Cambell :: essays research papers

Neve Campbell Neve Campbell’s career was a success because she danced. Neve Campbell started to dance when she was 6, following a visit the made to go and see the performance "The Nutcracker". When she was in dancing school (The National Ballet school of Canada) Neve had learned 5 different types of dancing. These types include jazz, flamenco, modern, hip-hop and classical. Neve reefers to the school as being "the best dance school in the world, but an extremely competitive one too". She also says that there is a lot of backstabbing mentally, with a lot of favoritism. While at her dancing stage of her life, she preformed in "Sleeping Beauty", and "The Nutcracker". But her dancing was soon to be put to a halt, for after various injuries and lots of competitiveness, she had a nervous breakdown and quit dancing when she was 15 years old. She also had been a model for two months but found that modeling had no satisfaction and very low. After this she turn ed towards the theatre for a career, since she wanted to be a performer. Another contribution to her career was when Neve was involved in the theatre. After her quitting dancing, she had turned out to be the Degas girl in "The Phantom of the Opera". She preformed at the Pantages theatre in Toronto. Neve had preformed in over 800 shows when she was done in "The Phantom of the Opera" Neve says she likes the theatre because she gets an automatic response from the audience. It was this part of her career that Neve found the love of acting, not only on a stage but to reach higher in her career and be a movie star. Neve’s career as a movie star was just the beginning of her debut on television. Neve Campbell appeared in the NBC movie " I know my son is alive". She also played Daisy in the television series "Catwalk". But Neve Cambell’s television career is most well known for her performances in "Party of Five", as Julia Slalinger. This show won an Emmy for "best show in 1995. Neve made appearances on "Kids in the hall", "kung-fu", and "Are you afraid of the dark?". She has also starred in films such as "Paint cans", Web of deceit", "The dark", "Baree", and "Canterville Ghost". The movies that Neve has been most known for are "Scream 1", "Scream 2", "Scream 3", "Wild Things", and "Hair shirt". Neve Cambell :: essays research papers Neve Campbell Neve Campbell’s career was a success because she danced. Neve Campbell started to dance when she was 6, following a visit the made to go and see the performance "The Nutcracker". When she was in dancing school (The National Ballet school of Canada) Neve had learned 5 different types of dancing. These types include jazz, flamenco, modern, hip-hop and classical. Neve reefers to the school as being "the best dance school in the world, but an extremely competitive one too". She also says that there is a lot of backstabbing mentally, with a lot of favoritism. While at her dancing stage of her life, she preformed in "Sleeping Beauty", and "The Nutcracker". But her dancing was soon to be put to a halt, for after various injuries and lots of competitiveness, she had a nervous breakdown and quit dancing when she was 15 years old. She also had been a model for two months but found that modeling had no satisfaction and very low. After this she turn ed towards the theatre for a career, since she wanted to be a performer. Another contribution to her career was when Neve was involved in the theatre. After her quitting dancing, she had turned out to be the Degas girl in "The Phantom of the Opera". She preformed at the Pantages theatre in Toronto. Neve had preformed in over 800 shows when she was done in "The Phantom of the Opera" Neve says she likes the theatre because she gets an automatic response from the audience. It was this part of her career that Neve found the love of acting, not only on a stage but to reach higher in her career and be a movie star. Neve’s career as a movie star was just the beginning of her debut on television. Neve Campbell appeared in the NBC movie " I know my son is alive". She also played Daisy in the television series "Catwalk". But Neve Cambell’s television career is most well known for her performances in "Party of Five", as Julia Slalinger. This show won an Emmy for "best show in 1995. Neve made appearances on "Kids in the hall", "kung-fu", and "Are you afraid of the dark?". She has also starred in films such as "Paint cans", Web of deceit", "The dark", "Baree", and "Canterville Ghost". The movies that Neve has been most known for are "Scream 1", "Scream 2", "Scream 3", "Wild Things", and "Hair shirt".

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Health and Safety Program Essay

With the aim to align with the standards set by the OSHA and ensure employee safety and protection, the company has decided to create a (1) formal safety program for employees and (2) reduce workers’ compensation cost. Given such changes, the company shall elaborate on important guidelines and information needed by each employee to actively avail of such incentives. The next section will highlight the coverage of such amenities and benefits Workers’ Compensation and Safety The creation of the workers’ compensation and safety plan seeks to ensure a fair practice among the employers and the employees with the aim of creating compromise between two parties in each ones needs. The following are included in the overall program: 1. Rehabilitation of Injured Employee 2. Insurance Coverage 3. Cost Allocation Workers Compensation Insurance With the formalization of compensation policies, the company will provide insurance to its employees based on the following: a. the company will use self-insurance as its form of option b. the determinant for premium rates shall be computed based on a manual rating and shall be determined by the Manager of Health and Safety Please note that casual employees (part-time) and contractors & subcontractors are not subject to such changes. Coverage of Insurance and Safety Benefits The company will compensate workers and shoulder the expenses of employees who fit in the following categories: (1) Out of Employment Injuries, (2) Injuries during course of employment, (3) temporary disability and (4) permanent disability. With such initiative in mind, the company seeks to extend its arm towards its employees and wishes to assure each one that their welfare is taken care of. For the benefit of the workers and the growth of the company.

Customer Satisfaction on Milk Products Essay

trade is a sum total placement of business, an ongoing go of 1. Disc whatsoeverplaceing and translating consumer unavoidably and desires into the harvest- eras function (planning and producing the planned products). 2. Creating necessity for this product and work with promotion and pricing. 3. Serving the consumer demand finished planned and physical dispersion with the help of grocery store channels. 4. Expanding the food market horizontal in the place of keen competition. merchandising is the transition associated with promotion for deal goods or serve.It is considered a social and managerial attend by which individuals and groups obtain what they need and neediness through and through creating and exchanging products and rates with a nonher(prenominal)s. It is an integrated passage through which companies create value for nodes and crap noticeable client relationships in wander to capture value from customers in return. The in advance(p) marketer is c entirelyed upon to pock the market objectives, wax the merchandise plan, uprise the, trade function, pass the merchandise plan or curriculum ( merchandise mix) and control the marketing programme to warrant the accomplishment of the set marketing objectives.The marketing programme covers manufacturing business planning or merchandising, worth, promotion and distribution. In short, modern marketing begins with the customer, not with doing cost, gross revenue, proficient landmarks and it ends with the customer satisf natural process and social well- cosmos. Under the market- operate economy obtainer or customer is the boss. trade has been inviteed as an ongoing or dynamic process involving a set of interacting activities dealing with a market whirl by producers to consumers on the basis of genuine marketing anticipation. 1.Marketing is a interconnected process by which a process by which a producer set ups a marketing mix that meets consumer demands of a lay markets at heart the limits of hostel. The process is base on corporate goals and corporate capabilities. Marketing process brings together producers and consumers the twain main participants in exchange. Each producer or marketer has certain goals and capabilities in devising and marketing his products. He consumptions marketing research as a tool to anticipate market demand. Then he proposes a marketing mix in tack to capitalize marketing luck.An exchange or a transaction crawfish bring outs when market whirl is unexceptionable to the customer who is prep atomic number 18d to give something value I return against the product so bought. Objectives of Marketing 1. Increase in sales pot 2. Increase in pull in profit 3. Growth of the enterprise Marketing surroundings The term marketing purlieu relates to all of the factors (whether interior(a), external, direct or indirect) that affects a trustworthys marketing decision-making or planning and is subject of the marketing research. A pie-eyeds marketing purlieu consists of two main aras, which argon a. big environment On the macro environment a profligate holds solo elfin control. It consists of a variety of external factors that intelligible on a large (or macro) scale. These atomic number 18 typically economic, social, governmental or technological phenomena. A common method of assessing a star signs macro-environment is via a mash (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Ecological) analysis. Within a PESTLE analysis, a theatre would analyze national political issues, culture and climate, rouge macroeconomic conditions, wellness and indicators (such as economic growth, inflation, unemployment, and so on), social trends/attitudes, and the disposition of technologys impact on its society and the business processes within the society.b. micro environment A libertine holds a capaciouser come up (though not of necessity total) control of the micro environm ent. It comprises factors pertinent to the firm itself, or stakeholders closely connected with the firm or comp all. A firms micro environment typically spans * Customers/consumers * Employees * Suppliers * The Media By contrast to the macro environment, an organization holds a greater degree of control over these factors.Market incision Market sectionalization pertains to the division of a market of consumers into persons with kindred needs and wants. As an example, if using Kelloggs cereals in this instance, Frosties be marketed to children. Crunchy Nut Cornflakes argon marketed to adults. Both goods aforementioned de office two products which atomic number 18 marketed to two distinct groups of persons, both with corresponding needs, traits, and wants. The purpose for market subdivisionation is conducted for two main issues. archetypal, segmentation allows a better allocation of a firms finite resources.A firm only possesses a certain amount of resources. Accordingly, it must make choices (and appreciate the relate costs) in servicing specific groups of consumers. unless more(prenominal) than than the diversified tastes of the contemporary Western consumers washstand be setd better. With more diversity in the tastes of modern consumers, firms are fetching noting the gain ground of servicing a multiplicity of innovative-fangled markets. Market segmentation rear end be defined in terms of the s.t.p. acronym, meaning Segment, Target and Position. Segment.Segmentation involves the sign splitting up of consumers into persons of like needs/wants/tastes. Four commonly use criteria are used for segmentation, which include * Geographical (e. g. boorish, region, city, town, etc. ) * Psychographic (i. e. personality traits or character traits which form consumer behavior) * Demographic (e. g. age, gender, socio-economic class, etc. ) * Behavioral (e. g. strike out loyalty, usage rate, etc. ) Target once a segment has been identified, a firm m ust ascertain whether the segment is salutary for them to service.The DAMP acronym, meaning Discernible, Accessible, Measurable and Profitable, are used as criteria to gauge the viability of a target market. DAMP is explained in further detail downstairs * Discernable How a segment can be some(prenominal)ise from other segments. * Accessible How a segment can be accessed via Marketing communications produced by a firm. * Measurable depose the segment be quantified and its size stubborn? * Profitable corporation a adequate return on investment be attained from a segments servicing? The next step in the targeting process is the direct of differentiation elusive in a segment serving. cardinal modes of differentiation exist, which are commonly use by firms. These are * Undifferentiated Where a company produces a like product for all of a market segment. * tell apart In which a firm produced refined modifications of a product within a segment. * Niche In which an organi sation forges a product to satisfy a work target market. Marketing schooling governance A marketing schooling organisation (MKIS) is an information musical arrangement that is commonly used by marketing trouble to analyses and view information pertaining to marketing activities.As the guess suggests, an MKIS is a computer-based information system wherefore used to input, store, process and output marketing information. 12 An MKIS spans four subset components, which are detailed below 1. Marketing recognition system This sub-system stores information ga at that placed from a firms marketing intelligence activities. Marketing intelligence consists of actions a firm would chthoniantake within its own market or industry, gear towards information existing within its markets. This can be obtained via communication with suppliers, consumers or other bodies within a market.2. Internal processes system The internal processes system catalogues all internal marketing processes withi n a firm. 3. Marketing research system This section of the overall system contains info from a firms marketing research activities. 4. analytical system The analytical system is the only sub-system which does not store data or information. Its function is to analyze and process data from the other tierce systems, into reliable, seasonable and relevant information for the perusal and use of marketing management. Industry profileIn primaeval 1940s a farmer in Kaira territory, as elsewhere in India, derived his income approximately entirely from seasonal crops. The income from take out was abject and could not be depended upon. The main buyers were draw traders of Polson Ltd. -a occultly owned company that enjoyed monopoly for sum up of draw from Kaira to the political relation take out fascinate Bombay. The system leads to exploitation of poor and illiterate farmers by the private traders. However, when the exploitation became intolerable, the farmers were frustrated.Th ey conjointly appealed to Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, who was a leading activist in the freedom movement. Sardar Patel advised the farmers to trade the draw on their own by establishing a joint summation, in agrestic cranial orbitd of supplying take out to private traders. Sardar Patel sent the farmer to Shri Morarji Dasai in rig to gain his Co- surgical procedure and help. Shri Dasai held a meeting at Samrkha village near Anand, on January 4, 1946. He advised the farmers to from a society for allurement of the draw. These village societies would collect the take out themselves and too obstinate equipment casualtys for that which would be profitable for them.The partition jointure was excessively from to collect the draw from such village cooperative societies and to sell them. It was withal resolved that the government should asked to buy take out from the join. However, the government did not calculate to help farmer by any means. It gave the negative response by bout down the demand for the take out. To respond to this action of government, farmer of Kaira district went on a take out strike. For 15 twenty-four hour periods not a single drop of draw was sold to the traders. As a settlement the Bombay milk design was severely affected. The milk commissioner of Bombay indeed visited Anand to assess the situation.Finely he decided to fulfill the farmers demand. Thus their cooperative unions were forced at village and district take to collect and sell milk on a cooperative basis, without the encumbrance of government. Mr. Verghese Kurien had main interest in establishing union who was supported by Shri Tribhuvandas Patel who convinced farmers in forming the cooperative unions at the village level. The Kaira soil Co-operative milk Producers marriage was thus establi dangle in Anand and was registered formally below section 10 of Bombay Act VII of 1925 on celestial latitude 14, 1946.Since then farmers are change all the milk in A nand through cooperative union. In 1955 it was commonly decided the sell milk chthonian the scratch visit Amul At the initial power point only 250 liters of milk was accumulate all day. But with the suppuration awareness of the benefits of the co-operative-ness the prayer of milk change magnitude. Today Amul collect 50, 00,000 liters of milk both day. As the milk is putrescible commodity it became difficult to preserve milk for a longer period. Besides when the milk was to be collected from the far places there was a fear of spoiling of milk.To cover this problem the union thought to trail the shuddery unit at non-homogeneous junctions, which would collect the milk and could chill so as preserve it a for a longer period. Thus, today Amul has more than 168 chilling centers in various villages. milk is collected from al closely 1097 societies. With the financial help from UNICEF, assist from the government of youthfulZealand on a lower floor the Colombo plan, of Rs. 50 million for factory to manufactory milk powder and butter. Dr. Rajendara Prasad, the president of India laid the basis on nary(prenominal)ember 50, 1954.Shri Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru, the prim minister of India say it open at Amul dairy farm farm farm farm farm on November 20, 1955. KARANATAKA MILK FEDERATION Karnataka cooperative milk producers federation limited (KMF) is the apex ashes in Karnataka representing dairy farmers co-operatives. It is the second largest dairy co-operative amongst the dairy cooperatives in country. In siemens india it stands counterbalance in terms of procurement as well as sales. wholeness of the incumbrance functions of the federation is marketing of milk and milk products. The brand nandini is the household name for pure and fresh milk and milk products.KMF has 13 mil unions throughout the state which procure milk from primary dairy cooperative societies (DCS) and distribute milk to the consumers in various towns/cities/rural marke ts in Karnataka. The first ever world bank funded dairy tuition program in the country started in Karnataka with the organization of village level dairy co-operative in 1974. The AMUL normal of dairy co-operatives started procedure in Karnataka from 1974-75 with the financial avail from world bank, surgical process flood II & III.The dairy co-operative were established under the ANAND pattern in a three grade structure with the village level dairy co-operative forming the base level, the district level milk unions at the middle level to take care of the procurement, impact and marketing of milk and the Karnataka milk federation as the apex body to co-operative the growth of the sector at state level. Cooperative of activities among the union and maturation market for milk products is the responsibility of KMF, marketing milk in the respective legal power is maked by the respective milk unions.Surplus/ deficit of legato milk among the atom milk unions is monitored by the federation. spell the marketing of all the milk products is grind awayd by KMF, both wit in and outside the state, all the milk and milk products are sold under a common brand name NANDINI. accompany profile INTRODUCTION The Bangalore draw partnership Ltd. , (Bamul) was established during 1975 under Operation flood tide II by keeping Amul as its Roll Model. At present Bamul has Bangalore Urban, Bangalore untaught & Ramanagaram Districts of Karnataka commonwealth as its area of operation for draw procurement and merchandising draw in part of Bruhath Bangalore Mahanagara Palika (BBMP) area.Since its inception the junction is constantly striving further for dairy maturement and marketing activities in its milk shed area. OBJECTIVES * To organize dairy Co-operative Societies at Village level and dissemination of information like good dairy wildcat husbandry and demeanor practices & Clean take out action through Extension Services. * To provide assured market & remunerat ive price for the milk produced by the farmer members of the co-operative societies.* To provide technical input services like veterinary services, artificial insemination, supply of equilibrize cattle feed & food root materials etc., to milk producers. * To facilitate rural training by providing opportunities for self-employment at village level, thereby preventing migration to urban areas, introducing cash economy & opportunity for steady income.* To provide part draw and milk products to urban consumers at war-ridden prices. BACKGROUND On January 1st 1958 a pilot evasion to cater the Bangalore draw Market, segment of Animal Husbandry, Government of Karnataka was started draw processing facilities & vet Hospitals at interior(a) dairy farm Research Institute (NDRI). by and by in 1962, The Bangalore draw Supply dodging came into existence as an independent body. With the great efforts by the then Honble Minister for receipts & dairying, Government of Mysore Sri M V Krishnappa, A joint venture of UNICEF, Government of India & Government of Mysore was dedicated Bangalore dairy farm to the people of Karnataka State on 23rd January 1965 by the then Honble Prime Minister Late Sri Lal Bahadhur Shastriji. The Bangalore dairy scattering over an area of 52 Acres of land, the dairy had an initial mental object to process 50,000 liters of milk per day.Bangalore dairy farm underwent a structural change in December 1975, pass on over to Karnataka dairy organic evolution Corporation (KDDC). Rural milk strategy of Mysore, Hassan & Kudige Districts was started under Operation Flood-II and then transferred to Karnataka Milk Federation (KMF) in May 1984 as a successor of KDDC. To cater to the growing demand for milk by the consumers of Bangalore City, the potentiality was increase to 1. 5 lakh liters per day under the Operation Flood-II during 1981 and later increased to 3.5 lakh liters per day under Operation Flood-III during 1994. As per the policies of the home(a) Dairy phylogeny mature (NDDB), Bangalore Dairy was handed over to Bangalore Milk heart Ltd. , (Bamul) on 1st September 1988. The marrow is commensurate of processing the entire milk procured, by timely implementation of several infrastructure projects like commissioning of New Mega Dairy state-of-the-art technology with a processing Capacity of 6. 0 Lakh liters per day, new chilling centers, renovation of product wad etc. ,The milk shed area of Bamul comprises of 2611 revenue villages.As of now the married couple has organized 1853 Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) in 2,245 villages, thereby covering 86 % of the total villages in these three districts. In these DCSs, there are 3,40,307 milk producer members. Among them 109834 members are women and 60,452 members belong to Schedule Caste and Schedule Tribes. The philosophy of this co-operative milk producers organisation is to eliminate middlemen and organise brasss owned and managed by milk producers, by employing professionals.Achieve economies of scale of rural milk producers by ensuring utmost returns and at the analogous time providing wholesome milk at reasonable price to urban consumers. Ultimately, the labyrinthian network of co-operative organisation should build a strong bridge among pack of rural producers and millions of urban consumers & win a socio-economic innovation in the village community. Bamul has been registered under MMPO by Central enrollment Authority. Today, the marriage ceremony has pay back the biggest Milk Co-operative league in Southern India. Bamul has been certified for ISO 220002005 & ISO 9001-2000 for quality management and Food Safety Systems.In recognistion to these efforts and achievements, the National productiveness Council (NPC) of Government of India has conferred Best Productivity Award FIVE TIMES and postcode Conservation Award by authorization of nix Efficiency (BEE) to the compass north. imagination, MISSION, OF THE UNION VI SION WISH TO GROW INTO A baby-sit CO-OPERATIVE bamul is biggest milk union in southern india, fully owned and managed by milk producers of Bangalore rural and urban districts of Karnataka state. Since its incepection in 1975, union is constantly striving to further the dairy development and marketing activities in shed area.MISSION USHERING RURAL PROSPERITY IN THE LIVES OF MEMBERS OF MILK PRODUCER This co-operative milk producers orgation is to eliminate middlemen and organize institution owned by the milk producers themselves, by employing professionals, achieve economies of scale and to ensure maximal returns to the producers, at the milk producers, at the selfsame(prenominal) time providing wholesome milk at reasonable price to urban consumers ultimately, the interwoven network of co-operative should build a strong bridge between masses of rural producers and millions of urban consumers and achieve a socio-economic revolution in the vicinity of the territory.MILESTONE 2008 committee of Channarayapatna Product Plant at a total cost of Rs. 72 Crores. * a) put up of New products & new stunning packs (Sundae, unrestrained Cone ice cream/ easy Skimmed Milk/ Cool Milcafe/Choco Milk Shake/Dairy Whitener) * b) dump of Goodlife come down in 1Ltr Brik. 2009 Gulbarga Dairy & Milk Marketing taking over by KMF 2009 Launch of Good Life variants in Cuttack,Orissa,Tiruchi(Tamilnadu) 2010 backsheesh Procurement of 41. 83 LKPD 2010 Starting of Procurement routes at N. R. Pura,Koppa Taluk(Chickmagalur District) 2010 Hosting of new KMF website wwww. kmfnandini. coop with online order quickness.ORGANISATION STATUS The member producers and their Dairy Co-operative Societies (DCS) are the vital constituents of the Union and their promotion is the judging yardstick on the cogency of the Unions operation. Hence the maximal importance has been given to their development.The Union is making intensive efforts over the historic period to organize DCSs in more and more villages of the three districts in the milk-shed area. Number of Functional DCS 1266 1301 1386 1433 1483 1547 1607 1657 1708 1761 1805 0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2000-01 2001- 02 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005-06 2006- 07 2007- 08 2008- 09 2009-10 2010- 11 Importance has been given to enroll more and more milk producers in the villages as members of these DCSs.While enrolling these members, more emphasis is being accorded to enroll more number of women members and to organize more women managed DCSs under STEP (Support to cooking and Employment Program for Women). It is heartening to note that there is an active participation of women/ weaker sections of the society in all the dairy development activities of the Union. They nurture become mainstay of all the developmental programs of the Union.This has resulted in the buildup of economical benefits to the most vulnerable sections of the rural mass. As on demonstrate 2011 in these DCS , there are 3,40,307 mi lk producer members are enrolled and out of which 1,09,834 are women and 44,202 members belong to Schedule club and 16,250 members belongs to schedule Tribes. gist Milk Producers & Women rank and file at DCS 185166 203831 275440 289095 297162 309597 321238 327176 325854 331544 340307 32827 38878 72220 81344 85849 91746 96653 99603 102842 105804 109834 0 50000 100000 150000 200000 250000 300000 350000 2000 -01 2001- 2002 2002- 03 2003- 04 2004- 05 2005- 06 2006- 07.2007- 08 2008- 09 2009- 10 2010- 11 MILK PROCUREMENT The Milk produced by 92913 farmers at village level allow for be collected every day morning and Evening at DCS. Under Clean Milk deed programme, to maintain the freshness & quality of the milk 121 Bulk Milk Coolers covering 373 DCS of Total Capacity 1,59,000 Lts were installed at DCS level. During the division the Unions effortless average milk procurement is 8. 47 Lakh Kgs, which works out to be 410 kgs per day per DCS. The milk procurement has increased by 2. 15 % when compared to the last year. Bamul is offering the most remunerative milk procurement price to member producers.The operational cleverness is reflected on procurement prices paid to the member producers. The average milk procurement price paid during the year was Rs. 19. 81 for every Kg of Milk supplied to the Union. Which is 80% of total cost of production. Milk collected at DCS testament be transported to dismay Centers, through 92 Milk Procurement Can Routes, by traveling 15,497 KMs every day. 21 Bulk Milk Cooler (BMC) Routes are similarly in operation, which collects milk from 121 BMC centers of 373 DCS directly transported to Bangalore Dairy through insulated tankers. LIQUID MILK MARKETING.The Bangalore Milk Union is marketing milk and milk products in the brand name of Nandini through 1190 retailers, 38 Franchisee Outlets, 25 Milk Parlors, 224 distribution routes. The key success factor of Bamul in graceful a market leader is the finalize price spread maintained be tween purchase & sales, marketing higher volumes of milk. The volume of sales plays a critical fictional character in determining costs. Hence, the market strategy of Bangalore Milk Union is to regard selling of market milk as its core marketing activity and to concentrate its efforts in this direction to increase the volume of milk sales.The impressive growth in the sale of milk by Bamul over the years is due to the persistent efforts to maintain timely supply, maintaining quality and attending to the complaints of consumers and agents with prompt consume action. Bamul is also organising Consumer Awareness Programme as a part of Market Development to create awareness of Nandini Milk through personal contacts, Door to Door campaigns, Organisational Meetings, civilise Children Mega Dairy Plant visit etc. , are conducting regularly. INFRASTRUCTURE DEVELOPMENTThe strategy of Bangalore Milk Union is Procure More, mete out More & Serve More and reaping the benefits of economies of s cale. In order to realize this strategy, the Union has apply the take noteing projects so that more and more milk can be procured and processed.This will help us to serve our producer members by passing on the maximum benefits, we are consciously adopting the growth-oriented strategy of back up our producers to grow by ourselves growing constantly. Mega Dairy with a capacity to process 6 lakh litres of milk per day expansible to 10 llpd has been built by investiture Rs.38. 70 crores obtained as term give from National Dairy Development Board.The Mega Dairy, has current state-of-the-art technological facilities in dairy processing and the Union will have the ability to manufacturing milk and milk products to world class standards. Although Bamul sets standards for its products for better serve to customers, it was not possible to keep the standards stableness due to manual operations. In intent mega dairy, Bamul looked towards an automated system that would allow it to achie ve consistent quality parameters for each product.Energy and manpower would also be more effectively optimised and controlled and all ready equipment would be integrated. NEW Projects Bamul has planned to convert Hosakote scary Center into a 2. 0. LLPD Capacity Dairy with an investment of Rs. 2427. 00 Lakh and a New Product Block at Bangalore Dairy Premises with an investment of Rs. 2033. 00 Lakhs . Bamul has SEVEN Chilling Centers geographically located around Bangalore and 85 Bulk Milk Coolers at DCS Level.Milk Product Block within the campus to manufacture Butter, Ghee, Peda, Flavoured Milk, Spiced Butter Milk, Paneer, Set Curds etc., FINANCE The Union had an approximate turnover of Rs. 698. 47 crores in the year 2010-11 as against Rs. 527. 76 Crores for the year 2009-10. TECHNICAL INPUT SERVICES Bangalore Milk Union is providing various Technical gossip & Extension Services to the milk producer members & their Dairy animals through ELEVEN campground Offices situated in each T aluk i. e. , Anekal, Bangalore conduct Office (Bangalore South), Yelahanka (Bangalore North), Channapattana, Devanahalli, Doddaballapura, Hosakote, Kanakapura, Solur (Magadi), Nelamangala & Ramanagara.From these camps the Technical Input services like Weekly rambling vet Service, indispensability Veterinary Service, Artificial Insemination Service, semestral inoculations, fit cattle incline Sales, mineral Mixture Sales, food development and Fodder germ Production, Clean Milk Production practices, Extension Services for Cattle Feeding, breeding, indemnification and milk production etc. , will be carried over. ANIMAL HEALTH AND otherwise ACTIVITIES ANIMAL HEALTH The Union is taking special care to promote the health of the cattle of member milk producers. Veterinary facilities have been extended to all the DCS.Mobile veterinary routes, emergency veterinary routes, health camps, vaccination against foot & mouth unhealthiness and thaileriosis diseases, etc. , are being reg ularly done. Regularly Deworming is also done for the cattle. in that respect is also a backup of First Aid Services to needy DCSs. Particulars 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 MVR Cases inured 43761 171613 Health Camp cases Treated 128174 149565 166198 118307 Emergency Cases Treated 63818 70735 70420 74773 88440 F& M Vaccination 377654 430431 373107 528259 506479 Rakshavac 13675 13395 18094 26227 22176.ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION Artificial Insemination (AI) has been the main useful tool in dictating this upsurge of development of Dairying in Bamul. Farmers have interpreted up cross-breeding from way back in 1962. The Union has surveyed and appropriately located AI centers based on cattle population. It is also popularized the idea of cluster AI centers and supersede the Single AI centers in a phased manner. The use of progeny tested seminal fluid from Nandini Sperm Station is also gift a further boost to the breeding activities.Particulars 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008 -09 2009-10 2010-11 No. of Single AI Centers 320 248 251 259 259 242 No. of AI through with(p) 1,66,614 1,27,320 1,11,536 1,12,740 1,16,002 113300 No. of wad AI Centers 64 89 94 96 101 111 No. of AI Done 1,38,895 1,69,950 1,69,185 1,92,207 1,97,645 227761 Total AI Done 3,05,509 2,97,270 2,80,721 3,04,947 313647 341061 To reduce infertility in cattle, a frontal attack has been continuously move by conducting Special Infertility Camps under the expert guidance and by the use of infertility connected drugs.During 1999-2000, a straight Silo of 10,000 liter capacity for storing Liquid nitrogen has been installed under TMDD program in collaboration with National Dairy Development Board and Karnataka Milk Federation. In addition this facility is being used for supplying liquid nitrogen to neighboring Unions and also to Department of Animal Husbandry. This has helped in protecting the quality of semen straws, thereby considerably increase the probability of conception during artificial insemination of cattle. oxen FEED & FODDER DEVELOPMNET.The Union is implementing several programs to increase milk production and also to reduce the cost of milk production in the milk shed area. Balanced cattle feed is being procured from the Cattle Feed Plants of KMF for distribution among member producers. Fodder seeds are distributed to member producers at subsidised rates. In addition to this, technical advice, silage Demonstrations, Azzolla Demonstrations and Straw Treatment Demonstrations are also being conducted at DCS level. Chaff Cutters are supplied at subsidized rates. Cattle Feed SalesParticulars 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 CF Sales (in MTs) 28515 29813 33359 37691 40529 45233 A Seed Processing plant was commissioned at Rajankunte by investiture Rs. 41 lakhs. The Union is catering to the Seed production needs of many Unions in Karnataka and also of Southern India. YASHASVINI HEALTH damages Yashasvini Health Insurance Scheme was unruffled by Gov ernment of Karnataka during the year 2001-02. This scheme was implemented by Coperative department, Members of Co-operative Societies and their family members are the beneficiaries of this scheme. The yearbook pension is Rs.120/- per beneficiary. All study hospitals are adopted for this scheme, all types of cognitive operation will be cover under this health scheme. Bangalore Milk union has covered 1. 50 Lakh beneficiaries under this scheme by contributing Rs 30/- towards reward per beneficiary. CATTLE INSURANCE Bangalore Milk Union is providing Insurance Coverage to the Dairy animals in collaboration with United India Insurance Ltd. , 40,238 animals are covered under this Insurance. The yearbook premium is 2. 22% of the value of the animal. 50% of the annual premium of Rs. 122. 99 Lakh was borne by bamul. IN THIS MILLENNIUM.We want to become not only the largest Union, but also become one amongst the best-run milk unions in the country. The Union is aware of the challenges of the new private entrants, who are mainly thriving on cheating(prenominal) trade practices. They procure milk at least cost, without bothering about the welfare of the producers and without extending any technical inputs for improving milk production. They market milk by resorting to unhealthy and wrong practices deceiving the unsuspecting consumers. The Union wants to counter this in a positive manner by trying to improve its efficiency of operation and market promotion.It wants to become well trenched in the market as market leader. It wants to follow the strategy of cost-competitiveness, which is hard to match by the competitors. PROGRESS AND ACHIEVEMENT OF THE UNION SINCE ITS outset 1. Establishment of the Union * Bangalore Co-operative Milk Producers Societies Union Ltd. was established on 16th November 1976. * later on the bifurcation of the above Union, into two separate union for Bangalore Districts (Urban and Rural) and Kolar District, Bangalore Urban and Rural District Co-operative Milk Producers Societies Union Ltd.(BAMUL) on 23rd March 1987. * Bangalore Dairy was took over by BAMUL on 1st September 1988. * Bangalore Mega Dairy started functioning on 17th December 2000 * MMPO-1992 Registration No 42/R. MMPO/93 * Bangalore Dairy ISO 22000-2005 & ISO 9001-2000 Certified by Standard Australia supranational (SAI) Global Ltd. , a reputed Australian based company during 2006. 2. Infrastructure at the time of inception & subsequent expansion year-w.