Historical Development Of Atomic Structure :: essays research papers

Historical Development of nuclear StructureYazan FahmawiSept. 30, 1995T3 IBS ChemistryMs. Red worldThe idea behind the " pinpoint" goes back to the antediluvian patriarch Greek society, wherescientists believed that all matter was made of smaller, more fundamentalparticles called elements. They called these particles atoms, implication "notdivisible." Then came the chemists and physicists of the 16th and 17th centurieswho find several(a) formulae of various salts and water, hence discoveringthe idea of a molecule.Then, in 1766 was innate(p) a man named John Dalton born in England. He is know asthe obtain of atomic theory because he is the one who made it quantitative,meaning he discovered many masses of various elements and, in relation,discovered the variant proportions which molecules are formed in (i.e. forevery water molecule, one atom of oxygen and two molecules of hydrogen areneeded). He also discovered the noble, or inert gases, and their failure toreact with other substances. In 1869 a Russian chemist, best known for hisdevelopment of the periodic law of the properties of the chemical elements(which states that elements show a regular pattern ("periodicity") when they are pose according to their atomic masses), published his first attempt toclassify the known elements. His name was Mendeleyev, and he was a renownedteacher. Because no good text in chemistry was available at the time, hewrote the two-volume Principles of Chemistry (1868-1870), which afterward became aclassic. During the writing of this book, Mendeleyev tried to classify theelements according to their chemical properties. In 1871 he published animproved version of the periodic table, in which he left gaps for elements thatwere not yet known. His chart and theories gained acceptance by the scientificworld when three elements he "predicted"gallium, germanium, and scandiumweresubsequently discovered In 1856 another important look-alike in atomic theo ry wasborn Sir Joseph John Thomson. In 1906, after teaching at the University ofCambridge and Trinity University in England, he won the Nobel Prize in physicsfor his work on the conduction of electricity through gases. He discovered whatan electron is utilize cathode rays. An electron is the smallest particle in anatom, whose mass is negligible compared to the rest of the atom, and whose overbear is negative. Though scientists did not know it at the time, electronswere located in an electron cloud rotating around the nucleus, or center of theatom.Another prominent figure in nuclear physics is a man called Ernest Rutherford,born in 1871. He also was a professor at the University of Cambridge, theUniversity of Manchester (both of which are in England), and at McGill College